【作者】 李虎；

【导师】 王晓峰；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 人口学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 生育和就业是女性生命周期中的重大事件,女性既是生育主体,又是重要的人力资源,同时还承担人口再生产和社会再生产双重责任。改革开放以来,女性流动人口的规模日益庞大,流动女性在社会变迁中所扮演的角色也日益突出。我国流动女性属于女性中的特殊群体,因“外来者”与“女性”的双重身份容易陷入生存困境,且很大程度上还受“流动”因素的制约。和本地女性相比,流动女性的人力资本平均水平相对较低,同质性强、可替代性高,因生育失去工作机会甚至退出劳动力市场的可能性高,且相当部分流动女性居住条件较差,自身用于生育的资源就相对有限,一部分流动女性怀孕后会返回户籍地生育,造成就业中断。与此同时,当流动女性重新寻找工作时,缺少本地社会关系网络的建立,导致流动女性生育之后再进入劳动力市场时,缺乏丰富多样的职业选择和宽口径的职业进入通道,与具有丰富社会网络关系的本地女性相比生育代价显得更为严重。此外,受城乡二元体制的影响,由于全面二孩放开之前城乡间生育政策的差异性以及流动女性内部的异质性,将更加值得我们探讨流动女性生育与稳定就业关系的城乡差异。因此,本文利用2016年流动人口动态监测数据,基于社会角色理论,运用二元Logistic回归模型,实证分析了生育行为对我国流动女性就业稳定性的影响,并进行了城乡流动女性生育与就业稳定性关系的差异性研究。研究发现:生育二孩会对流动女性的就业稳定性造成显著消极影响,且该消极影响对非农户籍流动女性的作用程度要强于农业户籍流动女性。同时,家庭化迁移有利于缓解流动女性生育与稳定就业之间的矛盾。研究从协调流动女性生育与稳定就业的角度提出了相关政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fertility and employment are important events in women’s life cycle.Women are not only the main bearer of fertility,but also an important human resource.At the same time,they bear the dual responsibilities of population reproduction and social reproduction.Migrant women belong to special group in our country.Because of the double identity of outsiders and women,they easily get into a survival plight.They are also largely constrained by mobility.Compared with local women,the average level of migrant women of is relatively low,and they have strong homogeneity and high substitutability.They are more likely to lose their jobs or even drop out of the labor market because of childbirth,and quite a few migrant women live in poor housing conditions.Furthermore,they have relatively limited resources for reproduction.A large number of migrant women will return to their hometowns to give birth after pregnancy resulting in employment disruption.In the meanwhile,when migrant women start to look for jobs again,they lack the establishment of local social network.As a result,when migrant women start to enter the labor market after giving birth,they lack a variety of career options and a wide range of career entry channels.Compared with local women with rich social network relations,the cost of bearing children is more serious.In addition,because of the affection of urban-rural dual system and the differences in the urban-rural fertility policy before the universal two-child policy was implemented,as well as the internal heterogeneity of migrant women,it will be more worthwhile for us to discuss the urban-rural differences in the relationship between migrant women’s fertility and employment stability.Therefore,We empirically analyze the impact of reproductive behavior on the employment stability of migrant women in China by the 2016 floating population dynamic monitoring,social role theory and the binary Logistic regression model.At the same time,we conducted a study on the relationship between urban and rural migrant women’s fertility and employment stability.It is found that having a second child has a significant negative effect on the employment stability of migrant women,and the negative effect is stronger for migrant women with non-agricultural household registration than for migrant women with agricultural household registration.In the meanwhile,family migration is beneficial to alleviate the contradiction between fertility and employment stability of migrant women.This study puts forward relevant political suggestions from the perspective of coordinating migrant women’s fertility and stable employment.更多还原