【作者】 吴敏；

【导师】 胡浩；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 农业推广硕士（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 为了缓解不断增加的畜牧业用粮对粮食安全的影响,我国提出要调整畜牧业结构,大力支持草食畜牧业的发展,同时城乡居民生活条件改善,饮食上开始追求营养健康。国家的政策支持和逐渐增长的市场需求为鹅业的发展提供了巨大的空间,江苏地区鹅业一直保持较强的发展势头,在全国具有举足轻重的地位,但是近年来江苏鹅业一方面面对国家政策支持,另一方面面临着不断上涨的饲料、人工成本和禁养条令的制约,养殖收益有所下降。在现有的资源环境和政策条件下,农户必须改变传统的养殖模式,进行舍饲,舍饲中种草养鹅模式和全价料养殖模式在养殖成本收益上差异很大,农户的模式选择不仅影响最终经济效益,更关乎江苏鹅业的未来的竞争力水平。总结不同养鹅模式的成本收益情况,并进一步探讨具体的影响因子,可以为农户的行为选择提供有益的帮助。本文在充分阅读梳理国内外已有的相关文献和理论基础上,从四个方面进行了研究:简单概括我国鹅业的发展变化,从资源优势、养殖品种、出栏量、鹅业在畜牧业中的地位等方面论述江苏鹅业的发展现状;根据调研数据分别对江苏地区肉鹅和蛋鹅不同养殖模式的成本收益差异进行分析,每种养殖方式中选择典型农户重点分析,并对种草养鹅的潜在收益进行描述;从个体角度进一步研究养鹅成本收益的影响因素;最后对全文进行总结,提出降低鹅养殖成本增加收益的政策建议。根据文章分析,初步得出的结论有:第一,可以看出无论是种草养鹅还是全价料养鹅,平均每只鹅蛋的净收益都要远远高于肉鹅。第二,在两种养殖模式中种草养殖肉鹅和蛋鹅的收入都要低于全价料养殖,但是种草养鹅的成本更低,其中饲料费用差异最大,主要是种草的成本比较低,产量高,与种粮食相比同一块土地上能产生更多的营养物质,整体看来,无论是养殖蛋鹅还是肉鹅,两种模式种草养鹅的净收益和生产效率都更高,是适合在江苏推广的养鹅模式。第三,通过进一步研究发现,农户成本收益还受到多种因素的影响,其中养殖规模和草场资源禀赋至关重要,种草养鹅适宜中等规模,草畜要相符;全价料养殖户要逐步向大规模过渡也能获得更多的收益;养殖合作组织形式影响到农户的成本收益,种草模式下“合作社+农户”方式农户可以灵活的选择销售方式,获得的净利润较高,“公司+农户”方式降低了农户的市场风险,按市场价折算的养殖收益较高,但是实际利润分配不合理,“中间商+农户”合作方式下农户的养殖利润相对较低。另外养殖的鹅品种、疾病和污染管控情况、管理技术、养殖资金限制和鹅副产品开发等也会不同程度的影响养殖收益,进而影响模式选择。第四,对于养殖户来说,最终的养殖模式和方式选择要综合考虑管理能力、资源禀赋以及成本收益等因素,才能获得更高的生产效率。根据全文分析,提出以下能增加鹅养殖效益的建议:养殖户要选择优良鹅品种,提高养殖技术水平,根据综合实力选择适度的经营规模,并利用当地闲弃资源保障饲草供应,养殖过程中加强防疫,适当开发鹅毛和鹅粪便资源增加养殖收入,政府要加强政策引导,切实保障养殖者的收益。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to alleviate the impact of increasing livestock food on food security,our country proposed to adjust the structure of animal husbandry,and vigorously support the development of animal husbandry,with the improvement of people’s living,diet began the pursuit of health and nutrition.Provide a huge space for the development of national policy support and the increasing market demand for goose industry,goose industry in Jiangsu has maintained a strong momentum of development,play an important role in the country,but in recent years,Jiangsu goose industry in one hand with the support of the national policy,on the other hand,faced with rising labor costs and feed ban doctrine Restricted,farming income declined.The existing resources and the environment and policy conditions,farmers must change the traditional mode of feeding,breeding,feeding in forage goose mode and full feed aquaculture mode great difference in the cost of farming income,farmers not only affect the final mode of economic benefits,the future competitiveness concerns Jiangsu goose industry.Research on different raising cost benefit model of goose and to further explore the specific factors and can provide useful help for farmers.In this paper,the relevant literature and theory basis of reading at home and abroad have been sufficiently,has conducted the research from four aspects:the development of simple summary of goose industry in China,from the resources,breeding varieties,slaughter,development of goose industry in animal husbandry status in Jiangsu goose industry;analysis the cost income difference according to the survey data of Jiangsu area and goose eggs of different modes,each key selection analysis of typical farmers farming methods,the potential benefits and geese for grass planting are described;factors affecting the further research of goose cost income from the individual angle;finally summarized,put forward to reduce the goose raising The cost increase revenue policy recommendations.According to the analysis,the conclusion is:first,we can see whether forage goose or feed geese,the average net income of each egg are much higher than the goose.Second,in two different breeding mode in grass breeding goose and goose eggs were lower than that in feed farming income,but raise goose grass is lower cost,the biggest difference is the main feed costs,and the cost is relatively low,high yield,compared with the crops on the same piece of land can produce nutrients,more overall,both farmed eggs or goose goose,net income and production efficiency of goose two modes of grass are more high,is suitable for promotion in Jiangsu to raise Goose mode.Third,through further study found that the cost of farmers income is affected by many factors,including the scale of farming and pasture resources important forage goose for medium scale livestock,to match all concentrate farmers to gradually transition to mass can also get more revenue.The cost of the income in the form of culture affect farmers’ cooperative organization,and under the mode of "farmer cooperatives + farmers" mode you can choose flexible sale mode,the net profit is higher,"company + farmer" mode to reduce the farmers’ market risk,according to the market price discount of farming income is higher,but the actual profit distribution is not reasonable."Farmer middlemen + farmers," cooperation under the way of farming profits is relatively low.In addition the breeding goose breeds,disease pollution control and management,technology,financial constraints and breeding of goose Paramyxo virus product development will also affect farming income in different degree,thereby affecting the mode selection.Fourth,for farmers,the ultimate breeding mode and mode selection should consider the management ability,resource endowment and cost income and other factors,in order to obtain higher production efficiency.According to the analysis,put forward the following suggestions to improve the economic benefit of breeding geese:farmers to choose excellent goose breeds,improve the breeding technology level,according to the comprehensive strength of appropriate scale of operation,and the use of local resources to abandon forage supply,strengthen the anti disease breeding process,appropriate development of goose and goose feces resources increasing farming income,government to strengthen policy guidance,cogent safeguard farmer farming income.更多还原