【作者】 王云峰；

【导师】 汪凯；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学技术大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 当前,交叉科学引领科技创新的战略价值正日益凸显,世界主要科教强国正纷纷采取有效措施大力推进交叉科学发展,以期为科技创新增添力量。因具有不可替代的学术及社会价值,交叉科学已成为科学技术与社会(STS)领域的一个研究焦点。本文采用哲学、社会学、历史学的综合视角对交叉科学的内涵与理念进行了阐释,并分析了我国交叉科学在发展中面临的主要问题,进而在理论研究指导下通过相关案例研究为深化理解和解决这些问题寻求可供借鉴的理论方法和实践探索。本文所呈现的主体研究工作由以下四个部分组成:首先,透过“一般社会系统理论”视角,第二章以系统、环境、边界、自我生产、功能运作和沟通等概念为线索,先对“科学”与“学科”这两个概念进行分析,再进一步阐明“交叉科学”的内涵。在揭示交叉科学所蕴涵的深层理念后,论述其与我国崇尚“博通”的传统学术文化、价值理念的关联性。第二,第三章梳理我国近代科学建制化的演进脉络,进而借库恩的“范式”概念归纳概括近现代“中学”范式遇到反常、危机并最终与“西学”易位的阶段性特征。在揭示这种阶段性演进的社会、文化动因后,论述我国交叉科学在发展中所遇到的“从一而终”、“门户之见”这类科学观念障碍的历史成因。最后,从科学与文化互动的角度,深化对我国“博通”理念与交叉科学关联性的探讨。第三,聚焦于我国交叉科学建制,从高校学科专业视角分析我国当代交叉科学发展相对滞后的原因。第四章着眼于高校专业口径过于细窄、专业封闭和高等教育学科目录中交叉学科门类长期空白三个问题。然后,针对问题,总结国外高校的跨学科实践和学科目录(CIP)管理经验,以资借鉴。第四,交叉科学的发展与交叉科学人才培养密不可分。第五章以我国交叉科学发展所面临的问题为出发点,选取美国亚利桑那州立大学(Arizona State University,ASU)作为案例进行研究。以系统呈现ASU促进交叉科学发展及跨学科研究生培养的举措为基础,本研究的创新之处还在于有机融合“交易区”理论和虚拟组织理论,分析ASU跨学科“新学位”所依托组织的发展机理,进而形成关于优化我国交叉科学促进机制的建议。本研究的成果主要包括如下方面:首先是对交叉科学认识论内涵的揭示,二是对交叉科学与“博通”理念关联的探讨,三是论述中、西学范式易位对中国学科观念的影响,四是对中国当代交叉科学发展所面临困境的探析,最后是交叉科学人才培养实践案例的研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 The strategic value of interdsciplinarity in leading the innovative development of science and technology has become increasingly evident,and the world’s leading science and education powers are taking effective measures to facilitate the development of interdisciplinarity in order to enhance their capacity of scientific and technological innovation.Due to its academical and social value,interdisciplinarity has long been a focus in the arena of STS.This dissertation employs the comprehensive perspectives of philosophy,sociology and history in explaining the connotation of interdisciplinarity,and analyzing the major problems emerging in the development of interdisciplinarity in China.The relevant case studies are consequently complemented under the guidance of the theoretical research,serving as the reference for the solution to the problems.The research as documented in this dissertation consists of four parts:The first part begins with analysis of the concepts of science and discipline,and it proceeds to clarify the connotation of interdisciplinarity from "general theory of social systems"(GTSS)perspective with theoretical framework composed by system,environment,boundary,autopoiesis,functioning and communication.With the conceptual implications of interdisciplinarity revealed,its relationship with China’s traditional academic culture and value idea is identified as well.Secondly,by sorting out the evolution of the institutionalization of modern science in China,this dissertation sums up the phased characteristics of abnormality,crisis and translocation of the Chinese learning paradigm with Western learning in terms of Kuhnian paradigm.After examing the social and cultural factors motivating this phased evolution,the chapter three categorizes the historical causes of the obstacles of sectarian bias in scientific concepts encountered in the development of interdisciplinarity in China.Finally,from the perspective of interaction between science and culture,the discussion on the relationship between the concept of"Botong" and interdisciplinarity in China is introduced.Thirdly,from the perspective of instructional programs in colleges and universities,chapter four is to explore the reasons why the development of China s interdisciplinarity lags behind in modern time,focusing on the problems including that college majors are too narrow and enclosed as well as that interdisciplinary category is absent from the directory of instructional programs over a long time.Then the paper summarizes the experience of interdisciplinary practice and instructional programs management overseas for reference,aiming at solving those problems.Fourth,chapter five concludes that the development of interdisciplinarity is inseparable from talents cultivation.Arizona State University(ASU)of the USA is chosen as a case to study,focusing on the problem that is confronted by China’s interdisciplinarity in the process of development.The key point is to briefly present the measures that ASU takes to facilitate its interdisciplinarity and interdisciplinary graduate education.To analyze the organizational mechanism on which the "New degrees" depend,the "Trading zone" theory and virtual organization theory are adopted in the study which is designed to optimize the mechanism for the improvement of interdisciplinarity in China.The results of this research mainly include the following aspects:first of all,the revealing of the connotation in epistemology of interdisciplinarity;secondly,the discussion of the connection between interdisciplinarity and "Botcom" concept;thirdly,the influence of the paradigm shift of Chinese learning and Western learning on the concept of disciplines of China;fourth,the analysis of the dilemma of interdisciplinary development,and finally the case study of interdisciplinary talents cultivation practice.更多还原