【作者】 张彤；

【导师】 宫希成；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 考古学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 玉器和石器的研究一直是史前考古研究的重点。凌家滩遗址所出土的玉器、石器数量大,类型丰富,造型呈现出独特多变的特征。钺是凌家滩遗址出土数量较多的器形,本文暂以报告为准将其质地分为玉和石两种。因此,凌家滩遗址钺的研究包括玉钺和石钺两部分。凌家滩遗址包含典型的祭坛、居住区和墓葬区等遗迹,具有明显的地域和时代特点,以遗址为中心沿裕溪河辐射周边地区,这一时期文化称为“凌家滩文化”。凌家滩文化玉器雕琢技术先进、制作工艺高超,是具有权力象征和精神崇拜等内涵的礼器。新石器时代的石器大多作为实用工具,而凌家滩文化则将石钺纳入随葬的礼器体系中。凌家滩文化晚期阶段,石钺大量地放置于墓葬之中,且形制渐趋与玉钺相近,二者在形制方面差别越来越小,正是随葬品钺礼器化的反映。凌家滩文化中随葬的玉钺和石钺与同期的其他文化相比较,呈现出了更为独特的特点,代表了同时代制作钺的先进水平,这两种质地的钺对研究我国新石器时代文化的演进有着十分重要的作用。本文归纳和吸收前人的研究成果,以凌家滩遗址前三次发掘的资料为基础,分析了凌家滩出土玉钺、石钺,进而探讨其蕴含的文化内涵及其反映的社会面貌。本文主要分为六个部分:绪论。本章简述研究的对象及选题缘由和研究钺的思路,交代本文研究范围为凌家滩遗址前五次发掘并发表的资料,并对凌家滩遗址及其出土器物的相关研究成果进行简要概括。第一章,本章主要就已发表的前三次发掘成果进行归纳,包括凌家滩遗址出土玉钺和石钺的质地、形制、尺寸等数据情况。重点分析玉钺和石钺的出土位置和共存情况,以便于进一步的类型学分析。第二章,本章对遗址中有出土单位的玉钺与石钺分别进行了类型学分析,对比二者的形制变化特点,结合墓葬的分期说明两者之间的变化趋势。第三章,原料来源及制作工艺。本章讨论了关于凌家滩遗址钺的原料质地及原料的来源问题,并对凌家滩文化制作钺的工艺进行探讨。第四章,文化因素分析。凌家滩遗址周围分布着薛家岗文化、北阴阳营文化、大汶口文化、崧泽文化和良渚文化等。在对凌家滩文化与同时代周边文化进行对比分析的基础上,重点对钺的形制、摆放位置和功用等方面进行讨论。结语。对全文进行归纳、总结。概括凌家滩遗址钺的演变趋势,玉钺、石钺发展趋势的异同及其原因;总结石钺在凌家滩遗址的存在状态,及其由偏实用性逐渐转向礼器性质,并融入礼器体制的发展过程。通过凌家滩文化钺与周边文化钺的异同比较,分析文化交流对钺的影响。本文首次将凌家滩遗址出土的玉钺和石钺结合探讨,参照玉钺观察石钺功能的发展变化,进而观察两者关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study of jade and stone tools has always been the focus of prehistoric archaeology.The jade unearthed at Lingjiatan site is characterized by large number of stone tools,rich in types and unique in shape.Yue is a large number of utensils unearthed at Lingjiatan site.In this paper,the texture of Lingjiatan site is divided into jade and stone.Therefore,the study of Lingjiatan site includes jade yue and stone yue.The site of Lingjiatan includes typical altars,residential areas and burial sites.It has obvious regional and times characteristics.The site is the center along the Yuxi River to radiate the surrounding area,which is called the"Lingjiatan Culture"in this period.Lingjiatan jade carving technology is advanced and the production technology is superb,and the connotation of productivity level and spiritual worship presented by these jade articles are of great value to the study of the society at that time.Stone tools were mostly practical tools in the early years,and Lingjiatan culture brought stone Yue into the ritual system of burial.In the late stage of Lingjiatan culture,the stone Yue was placed in a large number of tombs,and the shape and structure of the tombs were gradually similar to those of the jade Yue.The difference in the form of the two was smaller and smaller,which was the reflection of the ritualization of the buried objects.Compared with the culture of the same period,jade objects and stone tools in Lingjiatan culture show more unique characteristics,representing theAdvanced level.The Yue of Lingjiatan shows its own unique cultural connotation.The study of Yue plays an important role in the evolution of Neolithic culture in China.Based on the data of the first three excavations of Lingjiatan site,this paper summarizes and absorbs the research results of predecessors,analyzes the jade Yue and stone Yue unearthed in Lingjiatan,and then probes into the cultural connotation and social appearance of Lingjiatan.This paper is divided into six parts:Introduction This chapter briefly introduces the object of study,the reason of selecting the topic and the thought of studying Yue,explains that the scope of this study is the data of the first three excavations of Lingjiatan site,and briefly summarizes the related research results of Lingjiatan site and its unearthed objects.The first chapter summarizes the first three systematic excavations,including the texture,shape,borehole and size of jade and stone Yue unearthed from Lingjiatan site.The unearthed position and coexistence of jade Yue and stone Yue are analyzed in order to facilitate further typology analysis.In the second chapter,the author makes a typological analysis of the jade Yue and the stone Yue unearthed in the ruins,compares the characteristics of the shape changes of the two,and explains the changing trend of them in combination with the stages of the tombs.The third chapter,th,e raw material source and the craft.This chapter discusses the raw material texture and source of raw materials unearthed from Lingjiatan site,and discusses the technology of making Yue in Lingjiatan culture.Chapter four discusses the origin of culture.Lingjiatan site is surrounded by Xue Jiagang Culture,Beiyin Yang Ying Culture,Da Wenkou Culture,Songze culture and Liangzhu Culture.Based on the comparison between Lingjiatan culture and the surrounding culture of the same time,the shape,position and function of Yue are discussed.Conclusion Summarize the full text.Summarize the evolutional trend of the Yue unearthed at Lingjiatan site,the similarities and differences of the development trend of th e jade Yue and the stone Yue and their reasons;This paper summarizes the state of existence of stone Yue in Lingjiatan site and its gradual change from partial practicability to the nature of etiquette and integrates into the development process of ritual system.Through comparing the similarities and differences between Lingjiatan culture Yue and surrounding culture Yue,this paper analyzes the influence of culture exchange on Yue.更多还原