【作者】 张娜；

【导师】 桑志芹；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 社会工作（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 从1978年改革开放以来,农村人口开始不断的从农村流动至各个城市,伴随着流动趋势向家庭化的方向发展,流动儿童这一群体的规模不断扩大。因其“流动”的特点,其社会融入与适应过程中存在着一定的问题,尤其是对儿童具有重要意义的学校适应问题,基于此本研究关注流动儿童的学校适应问题。探究适应性问题,需要从内外两方面进行考量,基于“流动”所带来的现实变化,联系流动儿童的自身特性,本研究从社会支持理论视角出发,采用定量与定性相结合研究方法,探讨社会支持这一外在因素以及自我概念这一内在因素对流动儿童学校适应的影响,因而本研究具有一定的理论实践意义与现实意义。本研究主要包含三部分,一是定量数据特点与关系分析,二是访谈资料的现实情况补充,三是在数据结果及访谈资料分析的基础之上探讨社会工作介入的可行性与侧重点。首先选取流动儿童较为集中的两所小学以及一所中学,对其中500名流动儿童学生进行调查,而后进行数据分析,探讨内外因素与学校适应的特点及相互间的关系。通过数据分析发现:(1)流动儿童的学校适应呈现出群体性特点及个体差异性特点;(2)社会支持这一外在因素与自我概念这一内在因素均对学校适应具有不同程度的预测作用;(3)外在因素与内在因素间存在相关关系;(4)社会支持不同维度对学校适应的预测作用不同,主观支持与支持利用度的预测作用更强。其次,基于该数据结果,有针对性地对流动儿童社会支持的现实情况进行访谈资料的收集,发现存在:(1)学校支持系统较为单一,主要体现为对个体化的问题回应力度较低以及活动缺乏专业性与系统性;(2)家庭支持较为薄弱。主要体现在家长过分关注学业成绩,忽视了心理层面的需求以及关注形式较为单一,缺少与学校系统的互动;(3)流动儿童对周边支持性资源的感知力与行动化力度较低等问题。最后,基于上述研究发现,针对流动儿童的学校适应问题,本文从社会工作角度提出:(1)通过恢复与搭建流动儿童的社会支持网,筑牢流动儿童的社会支持网,为其提供基础性保障;(2)在构筑流动儿童社会支持网的基础之上,重视流动儿童个体自身自我概念的提升,以及对支持性资源的感知与行动化,培养流动儿童的感知力与行动力,充分发挥外在于个体的支持资源的基础保障作用,促进群体积极发展;(3)基于流动儿童的群体及个体特性,在开展具体社会工作服务时,应充分考虑自身特性,以便于开展更具针对性服务。在本文的最后,笔者提出展望,之后的研究可以多关注时间等因素对适应问题的影响,增加社会工作实务内容的实践,丰富相关理论与实践内容。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since reform and opening up,the rural population has begun to emerge in major cities.With the development of the trend of family mobility,the size of migrant children has been expanding.Because of its "flowing" characteristics,there are certain problems in the process of social adaptation,especially the school adaptation problem that is of great significance to children.So,this study focus on the school adaptation of migrant children.To explore the problem of adaptability,we need to consider this issue from both inside and outside the individual.Based on the reality of change brought about by "flow" and the characteristics of migrant children,this study combines quantitative and qualitative from the perspective of social support theory,exploring the external factors of social support and the influence of the internal factors of self-concept on the adaptation of migrant children’s schools.Therefore,this research has certain theoretical and practical significance.This study mainly consists of three parts,one is the quantitative data characteristics and relationship analysis,the second is the actual situation of the interview data supplement,and the third is to explore the necessity and focus of social work intervention based on the analysis of data results and interview data.Firstly,two primary schools and a high school,which has relatively concentrated migrant children,a total of 500 migrant children,were selected for investigation,and then analyze the collection of data,discussed the characteristics of social support,self-concept and school adjustment,and the relationship between each other.Through the analysis of survey data found that(1)the school adaptation of migrant children presents the characteristics of group and individual differences;(2)both social support and self-concept have predictive effects on school adaptation to varying degrees;(3)there is a correlation between social support and self-concept;(4)different dimensions of social support have different predictive effects,and subjective support and support utilization have stronger predictive effects.Secondly,based on the data results,a targeted collection of interview data on the social support of migrant children was conducted and found that:(1)the school support system is relatively simple,which is mainly reflected in the low response to individualized problems and the lack of professionalism and systematisms of activities;(2)the family support system is relatively weak.It is mainly reflected in the fact that parents pay too much attention to academic performance,ignore the psychological needs and focus on a single form,and lack of interaction with the school system;(3)migrant children have low perception and utilization of social support.Finally,based on the above research findings,this paper puts forward the following suggestions from the perspective of social work for the school adaptation of migrant children:(1)to build a social support network for migrant children and provide basic support for them by restoring and establishing a social support network for migrant children;(2)on the basis of constructing a social support network for migrant children,attach importance to the self-concept of individual migrant children and pay attention to the perception and migrant children on supportive resources.Cultivate the perception and action of migrant children,give play to the basic guarantee role of individual support resources,and promote the positive and upward development of the group;(3)based on the group and individual characteristics of migrant children,when carrying out specific social work services,they should fully consider their characteristics in order to facilitate more targeted services.At the end of this paper,the author puts forward the prospect,and the subsequent research can focus on the influence of time and other factors on the adaptation problem,increase the practice of social work practice content,and enrich relevant theories and practice content.更多还原