【作者】 李兵；

【导师】 张贺；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 工程硕士（软件工程领域）（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 数控机床是一种装有程序控制系统的自动化机床,可以很好的解决复杂、精密、小批量、多品种的工件加工问题,代表着现代机床控制技术的发展方向。计算机数控系统是数控机床的核心组成部分,国内目前开发的计算机数控系统在智能化、高速高效、精密化上面还有很多不足,相比国外还有一些差距。在国内计算机数控系统发展较慢的背景下,设计并实现一个高速高效、精密化、智能化的计算机数控系统对于现在计算机数控系统的研究和升级有着非常重要的影响。本文主要介绍了基于DDA插补算法和补偿功能的计算机数控系统的设计与实现过程:在智能化方面,系统在加工过程中加入了很多让系统更加智能的功能,比如丝筒、水泵和高频在加工中的自动开关、加工参数变量会根据实际加工进程进行自动调整。在高速高效方面,用DDA插补算法代替传统的逐点比较插补算法,DDA插补算法运算速度更快,加工轨迹更平滑,节省更多的系统资源。在精密化方面,系统设计并实现了多种补偿功能,使得加工后工件实际尺寸与目标尺寸之间误差更小,提高加工精密度。本文中设计并实现的计算机数控系统采用上下位机分布式结构,上位机是高性能工控机负责处理人机界面和智能逻辑运算,下位机是DSP和FPGA实时高精度控制轨迹和动作,这样的分布式结构一方面可以兼顾快速实时处理和大容量智能化图像运算之间的均衡,另一方面也增强了系统的扩展性和可维护性。本系统中分布式框架的应用可以降低计算机数控系统的耦合度,方便升级系统相关功能和快速定位解决系统问题;多个智能化功能的实现让系统的加工过程更加顺利、系统的可用性得到了极大的提升;利用VHDL语言编写DDA插补程序快速烧录到FPGA来控制轴电机动作,可以随时进行DDA插补算法的更新优化,提升了算法设计和更新的效率,让插补过程更加的高速高效;多种补偿功能如丝径补偿和螺距补偿的实现增强了系统加工的精密化。从高内聚、低耦合的分布式系统结构到为提升系统智能化、精密化和高速高效设计并实现的多个方案,这些都为计算机数控系统的研究提供了宝贵的经验,同时也对计算机数控技术的发展有着重要的借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 CNC machine tool is an automatic machine tool equipped with program control system,which can solve the complex,precise,small batch,multi-variety workpiece processing problems well,representing the development direction of modern machine tool control technology.CNC system is the core component of CNC machine tools.There are still many shortcomings in the intelligent,high-speed,high-efficiency and precision CNC system developed at home,compared with foreign countries,there are still some gaps.In the background of the slow development of CNC system in China,the design and implementation of a high-speed,efficient,precise and intelligent CNC system has a very important impact on the research and upgrading of CNC system.This the-sis mainly introduces the design and implementation process of computer numerical control system based on DDA interpolation algorithm and compensation function.In the aspect of intellectualization,the system adds many functions to make the system more intellectualized in the process of processing,such as the automatic switch of silk barrel,water pump and high frequency in processing,and the variable of processing parameters will be adjusted automatically according to the actual processing process.In the aspect of high speed and efficiency,DDA interpolation algorithm is used instead of traditional point-by-point comparison interpolation algorithm.DDA interpolation algorithm has faster operation speed,smoother processing trajectory and more system resources are saved.In the aspect of precision,a variety of compensation functions are designed and implemented,which makes the error between the actual size of the workpiece and the target size smaller and improves the processing precision.The computer numerical control system designed and implemented in this the-sis adopts the distributed structure of upper computer and lower computer.The upper computer is a high-performance industrial computer responsible for processing human-machine interface and intelligent logic operation.The lower computer is a real-time high-precision control trajectory and action based on DSP and FPGA.This distributed structure can balance fast real-time processing and large-capacity intelligent image op-eration on the one hand,and on the other hand,it can balance fast real-time processing and large-capacity intelligent image operation on the other hand.It also enhances the expansibility and maintainability of the system.The application of distributed framework in the system can reduce the coupling degree of computer numerical control system,facilitate the upgrade of related function-s and fast positioning to solve system problems;the realization of multiple intelligent functions makes the processing process of the system more smoothly and the avail-ability of the system greatly improved;DDA interpolation program written in VHDL language is quickly burned to the FPGA to control the action of axle motor,which can be at any time.The updating and optimization of DDA interpolation algorithm improves the efficiency of algorithm design and updating,and makes the interpolation process more efficient and efficient.The realization of various compensation functions such as diameter compensation and pitch compensation enhances the precision of sys-tem processing.From high cohesion and low coupling distributed system structure to several schemes for intelligent,precise,high-speed and efficient design and implemen-tation of the lifting system,all these provide valuable experience for the research of computer numerical control system,and also have important reference significance for the development of computer numerical control technology.更多还原