【作者】 王刚；

【导师】 赵文兰；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 建筑与土木工程（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,随着经济的快速发展,建筑行业对墙体材料的需求越来越大,国家对墙体材料的标准也在不断提高;目前,在国家政策的支持下,我国正在大力研发节能、环保的多功能绿色新型墙体材料,并鼓励企业利用工业废渣和农业废弃物等再生资源来生产新型墙体材料。磷石膏是一种可再生工业废渣,经过处理后能够用于制备建筑墙体材料,实现磷石膏的综合开发利用,既可以保护环境、节约资源,也能为我国新型墙体材料的革新提供一定的依据。本课题以特殊工艺预处理后的磷石膏为基本原材料,添加水泥、矿粉等组成复合胶凝材料,利用发泡的方式制备发泡石膏材料;并辅以各种外加剂对其性能进行优化,同时也对材料的内部微观结构进行了系统的分析。通过大量的试验研究得出了发泡石膏材料的最优配合比以及各种外加剂的最佳掺量,得到了综合性能较好的发泡石膏墙体材料,主要研究成果如下:(1)通过试验分析了缓凝剂、水泥、矿粉和发泡剂对磷石膏复合胶凝材料性能的影响,综合分析得出了水泥的最佳掺量范围为5%~15%,矿粉的最佳掺量范围为4%~10%,发泡剂的最佳掺量范围为0.6%~1.2%,缓凝剂的最佳掺量为0.05%。(2)对发泡石膏材料进行正交试验配合比设计,分析水料比、发泡剂掺量、矿粉掺量和水泥掺量对材料各项性能的影响主次顺序,综合分析抗压强度和干密度两个关键指标得出了发泡石膏材料的最优配合比,水料比为0.50,发泡剂掺量为0.9%,矿粉掺量为6%,水泥掺量为10%;此时,材料的抗压强度为5.34MPa,干密度为726kg/m3。(3)添加适量的减水剂和生石灰可以有效改善发泡石膏材料的物理力学性能,减水剂的最佳掺量为0.2%,生石灰的最佳掺量为1.5%。(4)研究了聚丙烯纤维和玄武岩纤维对发泡石膏材料力学性能的影响,结果表明,适量的聚丙烯纤维能够更有效地改善材料的力学性能;当聚丙烯纤维掺量为0.8%时,抗压强度增加了4.1%,抗折强度增加了45.4%,干密度为733kg/m3,软化系数为0.63,综合性能较好。(5)研究了可再分散乳胶粉和硬脂酸乳液对发泡石膏材料强度和耐水性能的影响,结果表明,适量的硬脂酸乳液能够在保证强度的前提下更有效地提高材料的耐水性能;当硬脂酸乳液掺量为3%时,材料的抗压强度为5.24MPa,吸水率降低了51.3%,软化系数增加了17.5%。(6)分析了发泡石膏材料在墙体材料中应用的可行性,并在其生产工艺、性能标准、工程施工和设计等方面给出了一些建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,with the rapid development of the economy,the demand for wall materials in the construction industry is increasing,and the standards for wall materials in the country are also constantly improving.At present,with the support of national policies,China is vigorously researching and developing energy-saving,environmentally friendly multi-functional green new wall materials,and encouraging enterprises to use renewable resources such as industrial waste residue and agricultural waste to produce new wall materials.Phosphogypsum is a renewable industrial waste that can be used to prepare building wall materials after treatment and realize the comprehensive development and utilization of phosphogypsum.It can not only protect the environment,save resources,but also provide a basis for the innovation of new wall materials in China.This topic uses phosphogypsum after special process pretreatment as the basic raw material,adding cement,mineral powder and other composite cementitious materials,foaming gypsum material is prepared by foaming.And It is supplemented with various admixtures to optimize its performance,and a systematic analysis of the internal microstructure of the material is also carried out..Through a large number of experimental studies,the optimal mix ratio of foamed gypsum materials and the optimum blending amount of various admixtures were obtained,and the foamed gypsum wall materials with better comprehensive performance were obtained.The main research results are as follows:(1)The effects of retarder,cement,mineral powder and foaming agent on the properties of phosphogypsum composite cementitious materials were analyzed through experiments,the comprehensive analysis showed that the optimum blending range of cement was 5%to 15%,the optimum dosage of mineral powder is 4%to10%,the optimum dosage of foaming agent is 0.6%to 1.2%,and the optimum dosage of retarder is 0.05%.(2)The orthogonal test mixture ratio design of foamed gypsum material was carried out to analyze the influence primary and secondary order of water-to-material ratio,foaming agent dosage,mineral powder content and cement content on the properties of the material,the comprehensive analysis of compressive strength and dry density two key indicators to obtain the optimal mix ratio of foamed gypsum material,water-to-material ratio is 0.50,the foaming agent content is 0.9%,the mineral powder content is 6%,and the cement content is 10%..At this time,the compressive strength is 5.34MPa and the dry density is 726 kg/m~3.(3)Adding proper amount of water reducing agent and quicklime can effectively improve the physical and mechanical properties of foamed gypsum materials,the optimum dosage of water reducing agent is 0.2%,and the optimum dosage of quicklime is 1.5%..(4)The effects of polypropylene fiber and basalt fiber on the mechanical properties of foamed gypsum materials were studied.The results show that the proper amount of polypropylene fiber can improve the mechanical properties of the material more effectively.When the polypropylene fiber content is 0.8%,the compressive strength of the material increased by 4.1%,the flexural strength increased by 45.4%,the dry density was 733kg/m~3,and the softening coefficient was 0.63,the overall performance was good.(5)The effects of dispersible polymer powder and stearic acid emulsion on the strength and water resistance of foamed gypsum materials were studied.The results showed that the proper amount of stearic acid emulsion can improve the water resistance of the material more effectively under the premise of ensuring the strength.When the stearic acid emulsion content is 3%,the compressive strength of the material is 5.24MPa,the water absorption rate is decreased by 51.3%,and the softening coefficient is increased by 17.5%.(6)The feasibility of applying foamed gypsum material in wall materials was analyzed,and some suggestions were given in terms of production process,performance standards,engineering construction and design.更多还原