【作者】 王茜；

【导师】 王长水；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 法律硕士（非法学）（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 沉默权制度,是用于保障人权的一项重要刑事司法制度,体现了对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人人格尊严和言论自由的尊重,为其充分行使辩护权提供了程序上的保证,有利于防止刑讯逼供现象的发生,同时也反映了一国刑事诉讼法律制度的文明程度。沉默权制度起源于英国,集大成于美国,相继在德国、日本等多个国家发展和完善。世界上大部分法治发达国家都高度认可沉默权,并将沉默权制度归入本国司法体系之中,但我国迄今为止尚未确立。我国现行刑事诉讼法中有关沉默权制度的规定,存在立法体系上的固有矛盾和缺陷。例如,我国《刑事诉讼法》为保障犯罪嫌疑人、被告人基本人权,规定了“不得强迫任何人证实自己有罪”原则。但是,与沉默权制度保障犯罪嫌疑人陈述自由的精神内核相矛盾的“如实供述义务”的条文至今也未曾废除。当前我国存在的这一刑事诉讼立法冲突,必然导致司法实践的混乱。因此,如何处理好“不得强迫任何人证实自己有罪”原则与“如实供述义务”的关系,是我国沉默权制度在引入与构建过程中必须要解决的问题。随着依法治国方略的推进,公民权利保护意识渐趋增强,党和政府也开始高度关注人权的保障问题。另外,随着近些年来一系列刑讯逼供导致的冤假错案的曝光与平反,专家学者们逐渐意识到对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人自愿供述权利保护的迫切与必要,纷纷倡议确立沉默权制度以遏制这一现象。沉默权制度不仅能有效保障犯罪嫌疑人和被告人基本人权、还有平衡刑事诉讼结构和维护程序正义的作用。在司法改革陆续推进与深化的背景下,为了进一步完善我国刑事诉讼法律体系,早日实现与国际法体系接轨,确立沉默权制度是建设法治国家和推进司法文明进程的必然选择。本文结合我国的现实国情,首先,从沉默权制度的起源与发展以及概念与特征来明确沉默权制度的价值。经过对整理两大法系国家沉默权制度的比较分析,总结可借鉴的宝贵经验。然后,以此为基础分析该制度在我国构建之必要性和可行性。最后。从理念、具体措施和保障制度三方面针对构建我国的沉默权制度提出建设性意见,以期有效实现其人权保障上的制度价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The right to silence system is an important criminal justice system for the protection of human rights.It embodies respect for the personal dignity and freedom of speech of criminal suspects and defendants,and provides procedural guarantees for the full exercise of their right to defense.It is conducive to preventing the occurrence of extorting a confession by torture,and it also reflects the degree of civilization of a country’s criminal litigation legal system.The right to silence system originated in the United Kingdom,and it was developed in the United States,it has been developed and improved in Germany,Japan and other countries.Most of the rule of law developed countries in the world highly recognize the right to silence and incorporate the system of silence into the national judicial system,but China has not yet been established.Some of the provisions related to the right to silence system stipulated in the current Criminal Procedure Law of our country have inherent contradictions and defects in the legislative system.For example,China’s "Criminal Procedure Law" provides the principle of "no one can be forced to prove that he is guilty" in order to protect the basic human rights of criminal suspects and defendants.However,the provisions of the "the obligation of truthful confession" that contradicts the spiritual core of the silent right system to protect the criminal suspect’s stated freedom have not been abolished.The current conflict of criminal procedure legislation in China will inevitably lead to confusion in judicial practice.Therefore,how to deal with the relationship between the principle of "no one can be forced to prove that he is guilty" and "the obligation of truthful confession" is a problem that must be solved in the process of introduction and construction of the right to silence system in China.With the advancement of the strategy of governing the country according to law,the awareness of the protection of civil rights has gradually increased,and the party and the government have also begun to pay close attention to the issue of human rights protection.In addition,with the exposure and redress of the false and wrong cases caused by a series of tortures in recent years,experts and scholars have gradually realized the urgency and necessity of protecting the rights of criminal suspects and defendants in voluntary confession,and have advocated the establishment of a system of silence to curb this phenomenon.The right to silence system can not only effectively protect the basic human rights of criminal suspects and defendants,but also balance the structure of criminal proceedings and safeguard the procedural justice.In the context of the progressive advancement and deepening of judicial reform,in order to further improve China’s criminal litigation legal system,the early realization of the integration with the international legal system and the establishment of the right to silence system are the inevitable choices for building a country ruled by law and advancing the process of judicial civilization.Combining with China’s actual national conditions,this paper firstly defines the value of the right to silence system from the origin and development of the right to silence system and its concepts and characteristics.After a comparative analysis of the system of silence in the two major legal systems,the valuable experience can be summarized.Then,based on this,analyze the necessity and feasibility of the system in China.At last.From the three aspects of concept,specific measures and security system,it puts forward constructive opinions on the construction of China’s right to silence system,hoping to effectively realizes the institutional value of its human rights protection.更多还原