【作者】 薛峰；

【导师】 杨在宾；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以江泉白猪为研究对象,通过饲养试验、消化代谢试验和屠宰对比试验,研究饲粮中不同蛋白质水平对江泉白猪各个阶段生长性能、养分利用率以及屠宰性能的影响,建立各个阶段江泉白猪蛋白质需要量析因模型。江泉白猪生产性能的研究:试验采用单因子试验设计,选用胎次、体重相近的35日龄健康江泉白断奶仔猪32头,随机分成4个处理,每个处理8个重复,进行分组分阶段饲养试验。整个试验分为15³0 kg、30⁶0 kg和60⁹0 kg三个阶段,每个阶段的蛋白质水平按照推荐量的110%、100%、90%和80%设置梯度,其他营养水平保持一致。试验结果表明:饲粮中蛋白质水平显著影响30⁶0 kg、60⁹0 kg及整个生长阶段（15⁹0 kg）的平均日增重和料重比（P<0.05）,以蛋白质水平为推荐量的100%时,可显著提高饲料转化效率及平均日增重。江泉白猪养分利用率的研究:采用全收粪尿法,分别在每个阶段的中期进行三次消化代谢试验,正式期为7 d。试验结果表明:饲粮粗蛋白质水平对江泉白猪各个阶段的营养物质表观消化率有显著影响（P<0.05）。随着蛋白质水平的升高,江泉白猪干物质、有机物质、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质和碳水化合物的表观消化率及蛋白质生物学价值（BV）和净蛋白利用率（NPU）有先增加后降低的趋势,以蛋白质水平为20.88%、17.93%、17.93%时,分别显著提高了江泉白猪在15³0 kg、30⁶0 kg和60⁹0 k g三个阶段的养分利用率。江泉白猪屠宰性能的研究:在江泉白猪的饲养试验结束后,对32头试验猪进行全部屠宰。结果表明:饲粮蛋白质水平对江泉白猪的瘦肉率、肥肉率、骨率和皮率影响显著（P<0.05）,且随着蛋白质水平的升高,瘦肉率、骨率和皮率逐渐增加,肥肉率逐渐降低（P<0.05）,以蛋白质水平为推荐量110%的处理组胴体品质较好;饲粮蛋白质水平会显著影响鲜样基础下江泉白猪的体成分（P<0.05）。蛋白质水平为推荐量的100%时,江泉白猪的体蛋白质沉积效率最高,产肉性能最好;蛋白质在江泉白猪体内不同部位的沉积率受饲粮蛋白质不同水平的显著影响（P<0.05）,且主要沉积部位是瘦肉,以蛋白质水平为推荐量100%的处理组,瘦肉部位蛋白质沉积率最高。江泉白猪在15³0 kg、30⁶0 kg、60⁹0 kg三个生长阶段的维持蛋白需要量分别为:4.98 W^0.75、4.62 W^0.75和4.50 W⁰.75.75 g/（d·头）;每增重1 kg所需的蛋白需要量分为280、310、440 g;蛋白质需要量可用以下预测模型:15³0 kg:RCP（g/d）=4.98 W^0.75+0.28 DG;RDCP（g/d）=4.02 W^0.75+0.24 DG;RNCP（g/d）=2.95 W^0.75+0.18 DG30⁶0 kg:RCP（g/d）=4.62 W^0.75+0.31 DG;RDCP（g/d）=3.53 W^0.75+0.23 DG;RNCP（g/d）=2.84 W^0.75+0.17 DG60⁹0 kg:RCP（g/d）=4.50 W^0.75+0.44 DG;RDCP（g/d）=3.06 W^0.75+0.30 DG;RNCP（g/d）=2.21 W^0.75+0.23 DG以江泉白猪蛋白质需要量析因模型为基础,并参考江泉白商品猪近5年来的生产性能数据,得出舍饲条件下江泉白商品猪饲养标准。江泉白猪在15³0 kg、30⁶0 kg及60⁹0 kg饲养阶段适宜的蛋白质水平分别为:19.4%、17.7%和17.2%。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this experiment,Jiangquan White Pig was selected as the research object.The effects of dietary protein levels on growth performance,apparent digestibility of nutrients and slaughter performance of Jiangquan White Pig were studied through feeding,digestion and metabolism tests and slaughter comparison experiments,and the protein requirement factorial model of Jiangquan White Pig at different stages was established.Study on the Production Performance of Jiangquan White Pig.A single factor experiment design was used.Thirty-two 35-day-old healthy Jiangquan White weaned piglets with similar parity and weight were randomly divided into four treatments,each with eight replicates.The experiment was conducted in groups and stages.The whole experiment was divided into three stages:nursery period（15³0 kg）,growth period（30⁶0 kg）and fattening period（60⁹0 kg）.The protein levels of each stage were set with gradients of 110%,100%,90%and 80%of the recommended amount,and other nutritional levels were consistent.The results showed that the protein level in the diet significantly affected the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio（P<0.05）of growth period（30⁶0 kg）,fattening period（60⁹0 kg）and whole growth stage（15⁹0 kg）.When protein level was 100%of the recommended amount,feed conversion efficiency and average daily gain were significantly increased.Study on nutrient utilization rate of Jiangquan White Pig.Three digestion and metabolism tests were conducted at the middle stage of each stage with the full fecal and urine collection method,and the formal stage was 7days.The test results show that:The apparent digestibility of nutrients in different stages of Jiangquan White Pig was significantly affected by dietary crude protein level（P<0.05）.With the increase of protein level,the apparent digestibility of dry matter,organic matter,crude fat,crude protein and carbohydrate,the biological value of protein（BV）and net protein utilization（NPU）of Jiangquan White Pig increased first and then decreased.When the protein level was 20.88%,17.93%and 17.93%,the nutrient utilization rate of Jiangquan White Pigs in three stages of nursery period（15³0kg）,growth period（30⁶0 kg）and fattening period（60⁹0 kg）was significantly improved,respectively.Study on slaughter performance of Jiangquan White Pig.After the end of the feeding experiment of Jiangquan White Pig,all 32 experimental pigs were slaughtered.The test results show that:Dietary protein level had significant effects on lean meat rate,fat meat rate,bone rate and skin rate of Jiangquan White Pig（P<0.05）.With the increase of protein level,lean meat rate,bone rate and skin rate gradually increased,and fat meat rate gradually decreased（P<0.05）,and the quality of the carcass was better in the treatment group with the protein level of 110%;dietary protein level could significantly affect body composition of Jiangquan White Pig on the basis of fresh samples（P<0.05）.When the protein level was100%of the recommended amount,the body protein deposition efficiency and meat production performance of Jiangquan White Pig were the highest;the deposition rate of protein in different parts of Jiangquan White Pig was significantly affected by different levels of dietary protein（P<0.05）,and the main deposition site is lean meat.Protein deposition rate of lean meat was highest in the treatment group with 100%protein level as the recommended amount.The maintenance protein requirements of Jiangquan White Pig in the three stages of nursery period（15³0 kg）,growth period（30⁶0 kg）and fattening period（60⁹0 kg）were:4.98 W^0.75,4.62 W⁰.75.75 and 4.50 W⁰.75.75 g/（d·head）,respectively;the protein requirement for1 kg weight was divided into 280,310 and 440 g.Protein requirements can be predicted by the following models:15³0 kg:RCP（g/d）=4.98 W^0.75+0.28 DG;RDCP（g/d）=4.02 W^0.75+0.24 DG;RNCP（g/d）=2.95 W^0.75+0.18 DG30⁶0 kg:RCP（g/d）=4.62 W^0.75+0.31 DG;RDCP（g/d）=3.53 W^0.75+0.23 DG;RNCP（g/d）=2.84 W^0.75+0.17 DG60⁹0 kg:RCP（g/d）=4.50 W^0.75+0.44 DG;RDCP（g/d）=3.06 W^0.75+0.30 DG;RNCP（g/d）=2.21 W^0.75+0.23 DGBased on the factorial model of protein demand of Jiangquan White Pig and referring to the production performance data of Jiangquan White commodity pig in recent 5 years,the feeding standard of Jiangquan White Pig was obtained.The suitable protein levels of Jiangquan White Pig at 15³0 kg,30⁶0 kg and 60⁹0 kg feeding stages were 19.4%,17.7%and 17.2%,respectively.更多还原