【作者】 李舒；

【导师】 刘琳；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 政治学理论， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 社会资本是构成现代民主政治生活的重要部分,而公民的政治参与在现代国家的民主政治建设中扮演着重要角色,因此,考察转型期中国的社会资本与政治参与之间的关系对于推进社会主义民主政治建设具有重要的意义。本文运用社会资本理论分析社会资本和政治参与之间的关系,利用2016年亚洲晴雨表(ABS)第四轮调查中中国大陆地区的数据,通过Stata15软件进行统计分析,力图发现转型期中国的社会资本、政治参与的现状,以及阐明转型期中国社会资本和政治参与之间的内在机制。首先,本文将转型期中国的社会资本转化为“社会网络”、“社会信任”和“社团参与”;将转型期中国的政治参与转化为“制度性政治参与”和“主动性政治参与”,在此基础上进行因子分析,并将主动性政治参与划分为“利益表达型政治参与”和“维权抗争型政治参与”。其次,借助描述分析和多元回归分析,对社会资本和政治参与的现状进行描述并深入分析社会资本对政治参与的影响。分析结果表明:1.社会资本和政治参与持续发展。转型期中国社会资本取得了较大发展,组织化的次级社会网络有了长足进步,同时也很大程度上保留了中国特色,以血缘为纽带的家人、亲属、朋友为主的初级社会网络仍很发达;转型期社会信任中一般信任和特殊信任的并存,一般信任有了很大的发展,熟人之间特殊信任受到一般信任的影响,但仍保留“差序格局”的特点;公民参与社团的比例仍较低。在政治参与方面,公民的制度性政治参与水平较高,但是自身缺乏主动性;主动性政治参与的水平低于制度性政治参与水平。2.社会网络提高参与主动性。社会网络不仅能够促进公民的投票参与,即促进制度性政治参与,也能够促进主动性的政治参与,对利益表达型政治参与和维权抗争型政治参与具有显著的促进作用;同时社团参与也促进主动性的政治参与,成为组织的正式成员会增加公民的利益表达型政治参与和维权抗争型政治参与。3.—般信任促进有序参与。在转型期社会中,一般信任促进公民的投票参与,即促进制度性政治参与;同时,一般信任会削弱公民的利益表达型政治参与,对维权抗争型政治参与不具有显著性影响。特殊信任对制度性政治参与和主动性政治参与都不具有显著影响。总而言之,中国人的社会资本呈现出高水平社会信任,低组织化社会网络的特点;公民的政治参与呈现出高制度性政治参与和低主动性政治参与的特点,但政治参与的形式多样化;转型期社会资本对政治参与具有显著的影响,社会网络提高参与的主动性,一般信任促进有序参与。更多还原

【Abstract】 Social capital is an important part of modern democratic political life,and citizens’political participation plays an important role in the construction of democratic politics in modern countries.Therefore,examining the relationship between social capital and political participation in China during the transition period is to promote socialism.The construction of democratic politics is of great significance.This paper uses social capital theory to analyze the relationship between social capital and political participation,and uses the data from the China’s mainland region in the fourth round of the Asian Barometer 2016(ABS)to conduct statistical analysis through Stata15 software,in an effort to discover the Chinese society in transition.The current state of capital,political participation,and the internal mechanism between China’s social capital and political participation during the transition period.This paper divides social capital and political participation into variable design.Social capital is transformed into three independent variables:social network,social trust and community participation.Transform political participation into two dependent variables:institutional political participation and active political participation.First of all,this paper transforms China’s social capital into"social network","social trust" and "social participation"during the transition period;transforms political participation in China during the transition period into "institutional political participation" and "active political participation".On this basis,the factor analysis is carried out,and the active political participation is divided into "interest-expression political participation" and "defending rights and political participation".Secondly,with the help of descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis,the status quo of social capital and political participation is described and the influence of social capital on political participation is analyzed.The results show:1.Social capital and political participation continue to develop.During the transition period,China’s social capital has achieved great development,and the organized sub-social network has made great progress.At the same time,it has largely retained the primary social network with Chinese characteristics and family,relatives and friends with blood as the link.It is still very developed;in the social trust of the transition period,the general trust and the special trust coexist,the general trust has a great development,the special trust between the acquaintances is affected by the general trust,but the characteristics of the "differential pattern"are still retained;the citizen participation The proportion of associations is still low.In terms of political participation,citizens have a higher level of institutional political participation,but they lack initiative;the level of active political participation is lower than the level of institutional political participation.2.Social networks increase participation initiative.Social networks can not only promote the participation of citizens in voting,but also promote institutional political participation.It can also promote active political participation,and promote the political participation of interest expression and political participation in rights defense.At the same time,community participation also promotes initiative.Sexual political participation,becoming a full member of the organization will increase the interests of citizens in the expression of political participation and rights-defending political participation.3.General trust promotes orderly participation.In the transitional society,general trust promotes the participation of citizens in voting,that is,promotes institutional political participation.At the same time,general trust will weaken the interest-based political participation of citizens,and has no significant influence on the political participation of rights defense.Special trust does not have a significant impact on institutional political participation and active political participation.All in all,the Chinese people’s social capital presents a high level of social trust and the characteristics of a low-organized social network;citizens’political participation exhibits the characteristics of high institutional political participation and low-initiative political participation,but the form ofpolitical participation is diversified;Social capital in transition has a significant impact on political participation.Social networks increase the initiative of participation,and general trust promotes orderly participation.更多还原