【作者】 徐宁；

【导师】 赵虎；

【作者基本信息】 山东建筑大学 ， 城乡规划学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国城镇化的快速发展,大城市的空间规模不断扩大,城市人口和经济呈现出了分散化的趋势,就业者的就业与居住有着更多的区位选择,就业与居住的空间正在重构。东部地区作为我国经济社会较为发达的区域,就业吸引力强,大城市就业者的数量不断增加,就业者职住失衡问题也越来越受到重视。本文首先选取了东部地区几个代表性的城市,将城市规模分为“超大、特大城市”、“大城市”和“中、小城市”三类,利用第三次经济普查和第六次人口普查的数据,从就业者整体、不同自然属性就业者和不同社会属性就业者对比分析了东部大城市的就业者特征,以及东部大城市的职住平衡概况。在梳理了东部大城市就业者职住平衡特征的理论分析架构之后,以济南市为例进行实证研究,分析了就业者的职住平衡特征及其影响因素,主要结论如下:1)东部大城市就业者的数量在不断增加,其中,男性就业者的数量更多,年龄结构偏向于年轻化,高学历的就业者偏少,且整体收入水平不高,职业则是以生产性岗位为主。此外,东部大城市的职住匹配程度不高,就业者的通勤距离和通勤时间偏长,其中一些大城市已经出现了职住失衡的现象,东部大城市的交通拥堵情况也日益严重。2)济南城区就业者的职住平衡度不高,并呈现逐渐下降的趋势,在空间上则表现出了越往旧城区外围,就业与居住的匹配情况越好的圈层结构特征。对于不同自然属性的就业者,女性就业者的职住平衡度更高,但由旧城区向外围新城逐渐变低,而男性就业者却是完全相反的规律;低年龄段和高年龄段的就业者职住平衡度是最高的,这两类就业者的空间特征也基本一致。对于不同社会属性的就业者,学历和月收入水平越高的就业者其职住平衡度反而越低,这一现象主城区更明显;从事“机关、事业单位”、“工人、营业员及其他社会服务人员”和“个体经商者”这三类职业的就业者其职住平衡度更高,且由旧城区向外围新城逐渐变高。3)在影响因素的分析中,就业者的性别、年龄、学历、月收入、职业和通勤方式六个个体属性都对职住平衡情况产生了较大的影响,而在环境属性方面的四个因子中,教育环境对就业者职住平衡的影响并不明显,但就业环境、居住环境和交通环境的影响却十分显著。此外,地理、政策和经济也都是很重要的影响因素。本文以济南市为例对东部大城市就业者职住平衡的研究中,不仅涵盖了济南城区和不同城市功能空间数量上的职住平衡特征,还以街镇为单位探索其在空间上特征规律。同时,本文不是简单地对济南城区的就业者整体进行分析,还划分了包括性别、年龄在内的不同自然属性的就业者,以及包括学历、收入和职业在内的不同社会属性的就业者。最后,还从多个角度分别提出了对策建议,对济南甚至其它东部大城市今后的城市规划建设都有一定的借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of urbanization in China,the spatial scale of large city is expanding gradually,the urban population and industry have been showing a trend of decentralization,workers have more location choices of jobs and houses,the space structure of jobs and houses is being reconstructed.The eastern region is a region with a relatively developed economy and society in China,it has stronger employment attraction,the number of workers in large cities is increasing,and the problem of jobs-housing imbalance is being taken more and more seriously.Several typical eastern large cites were selected and divided into “Supercity and Megacity”,“Large City” and “Medium-sized City and Small City” firstly,through analyzing the data of the third China economic census and the sixth national census,this paper researched the workers’ characteristics of all workers,workers with different biological attributes and workers with different social attributes,and also summarized the jobs-housing balance situation.After sorting out the theoretical analysis framework of workers’ job-housing balance characteristics in eastern large cities,this paper selected Ji’nan as a case to research workers’ job-housing balance characteristics and its influencing factors.The main conclusions are as follows:1)The number of workers in eastern large cities is constantly increasing,the number of male workers is more,the age structure tends to be younger,the number of highly educated workers is less,the overall income level is low,and the productive job is the main occupation.In addition,the job-housing balance degree in eastern large cities is low,and the commutingdistance and commuting time of employees are relatively longer,the job-housing imbalance situation in several large cities has appeared,and besides,the traffic congestion in eastern large cities is increasingly serious.2)The jobs-housing balance degree of Ji’nan urban area is low and has a trend of gradual decline,it also shows that the closer to the old urban area,the higher jobs-housing balance degree is.In the term of workers with different biological attributes,the jobs-housing balance degree of female workers is higher,but it gradually decreases from the old urban area to the new towns,while that of male workers is completely opposite;The jobs-housing balance degree of younger and older workers is the highest,and the spatial characteristics of these two groups workers are basically the same.In the term of workers with different social attributes,Workers whose educational background and monthly income are higher,have the lower jobs-housing balance degree,and it is more obvious in the main urban area;The jobs-housing balance degree of workers whose job is “Government department,Public institution”,“Workers,Salespersons and other social service personnel" or “Individual businessmen” are the highest,and gradually increase from the old urban area to the new towns.3)In the analysis of influence factors,six individual attributes including gender,age,education,income,occupation and commuting mode all have great influence on jobs-housing balance situation.And then,the effect of education environment is not obvious,but the effect of employment environment,living environment and traffic environment is quite significant.Besides,the geography,the policy and the economics are also the important factors.This paper researched the jobs-housing balance situation of workers in the eastern large city in a case of Ji’nan,which not only included the jobs-housing balance characteristics of the urban area and different urban functional space in quantity,and also explored the spatial characteristics.Besides,this paper didn’t analyze the general characteristics of workers in Ji’nan urban area,and also considered workers with different biological attributes including gender and age,workers with different social attributes including education,income and occupation.At last,this paper put forward suggestions in multiple aspects,which can be used for reference in the future urban planning and construction of Ji’nan and even other easternlarge cities.更多还原