【作者】 赵阳；

【导师】 宇汝松；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 中国史， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 曾子是先秦时期儒家学派的重要代表人物之一,修心思想是其思想体系中非常重要的一部分。曾子修心思想源于其对“身”、“心”关系的认识。曾子认为,人的言谈举止是内心世界的真实反映,“心”是最本质的存在,而外在的行为要依靠“心”来指导。“心”是一切思考行为的基础,而其他行为只是“心”的外在表现,所以修心才是修养的根本所在。曾子修心思想的终极目标是要培养君子人格,其思想内容主要表现为:一、内心的敬畏。这里的敬畏并非明哲保身,胆小怕事,而是时刻保持谨慎的态度,做事兢兢业业,不懈怠,不骄傲,这样才能保证为人处世时不出现错误,免于罪祸;二、反求诸己。曾子在这方面深刻地继承了孔子“见贤思齐,见不贤内自省”的思想。曾子强调每天都应该深刻反省自己,思考自己在为人处世时是否存在问题,在自省中找出问题并改正。反求诸己成为曾子提升道德和净化心灵的重要途径;三、“礼”和“孝”对修心的重要影响。“孝”是先秦儒家思想中的一个重要观念,在培养君子人格,衡量君子标准上发挥着重要作用。“礼”作为一种外在的约束手段,同样是衡量君子人格的标准。在曾子修心思想中,既有内心的修养,也有外在的修行。内外兼修是锻造君子人格的必要功夫。曾子在先秦儒家学派中的地位十分特殊。他上承孔子,下启思孟学派,是先秦儒学一脉相传的重要过渡人物。其修心思想既是对孔子思行结合,一以贯之地继承,同时也为子思、孟子将儒学修养论发扬光大奠定了基础。曾子修心思想对当下社会实践也有着不可低估的启发和指导作用。其所强调的内心自省及外在修行,对于提升个体的修养水平、君子人格以及社会的道德素养、文明程度,展示国家文化软实力等,都会发挥着重要的指导作用,从而具有重要的实践价值和现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Zengzi was one of the important representatives of the Pre-Qin Confucianis.Zengzi’s mind-training is the result of his cognition between "body" and "mind".He thinks that people behave is the real reflection of the inner world,the mind is the most essential,and external behavior depends on the mind to guide,mind is the foundation of all thinking behavior,and other behavior is the outward sign of mind,based on the analysis of relationship of body and mind,is the fundamental Zengzi stressed mind-training.Zengzi’s mind-training ultimate goal is to cultivate a gentleman personality,his thought mainly reflects in:Fisrt,inner fear,the fear is not that of timid,but remain cautious attitude,work conscientiously,don’t slack off,not pride,in order to ensure that the person do not appear error,freedom from sin.Second,seek the cause in oneself,Zengzi inherited Confucius deeply in this thought "On seeing a man of virtue,try to become his equal;on seeing a man without virtue,examine yourself not to have the same defects" theory,Zengzi emphasize should deeply self-reflection yourself,every day thinking about his work in person if there is a problem,whether there is an error,in the introspection to identify problems and correct,this kind of practice is an important way to promote moral and purify the mind.Third,the important influence of Filial piety and Ritual,"Filial piety",as an important concept in Pre-Qin ideology,is also an important criterion for the cultivation of a gentleman’s personality and whether it is recognized as a gentleman."Ritua",as an external means of restraint,also has the standard for the measurement of a gentleman’s personality.Therefore,in Zengzi’s mind training,it is necessary to cultivate both one’s inner self and one’s outer behavior to become a gentleman.Zengzi as an important character of the Pre-Qin Confucianis,His position in the Confucianis is also very special.He inherited from Confucius and inspired the school of Simeng.He is an important transitional figure of the Pre-Qin Confucianism.His mind-training of Confucius thought line,a consistent inheritance,but also for the Zisi,Mencius Confucianism to carry forward his laid a foundation.Zengzi’s mind-training for now the country building socialism with Chinese characteristics in our country has the influence of cannot be underestimated,he emphasized the introspection of inner and external behavior constraints,for today we improve the level of their accomplishment,improve social and moral qualities,as well as the national overall cultural construction,has a profound significance.更多还原