【作者】 陈玲；

【导师】 张义；

【作者基本信息】 长江大学 ， 园艺， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 为了给湖北省宜昌市实生核桃资源的选育与科学合理的栽培实践活动提供参考依据,本文以当地初选的4个核桃实生单株(编号分别为ZCP1702、ZCP1703-1、ZCP1703-2、ZCP1708)为试材,分别对其开花生物学特性、落果规律与果实生长发育动态以及果实风味物质含量的变化等4个大的方面进行了系统的观测研究。主要研究结果如下:4个核桃单株雌雄花的花期均出现在4月份,雄花的整个花期持续时间是9~15d,雌花的整个花期持续天数是11~17d,雄花的盛花期与雌花的盛花期持续时间均较短,仅有3~5d;ZCP1702和ZCP1708属于雄先型品种,ZCP1703-1和ZCP1703-2属于雌先型品种;均以盛花期花粉生活力最高,然后初花期次之,末花期的生活力最差,盛花期4个单株的花粉生活力均高达40%以上。4个核桃单株的生理落果有2个非常明显的高峰阶段,分别出现在5月上中旬和6月的上中旬,并与种仁内的液体状态阶段在时间上基本一致,即发生在胚发育早期。4个核桃单株在果实生长阶段果实三径、果核横径、青皮厚度、果实体积和重量等性状的生长动态均表现出先快后慢的变化趋势,果实的生长过程分为快速生长阶段和缓慢生长阶段,果实三径、果核横径、青皮厚度是在7月上旬达到生长量的最大值,果实体积和重量是在7月中下旬达到生长量的最大值;种仁内部从果实生长初期开始依次经过液体阶段、凝胶阶段和固化阶段(子叶形成阶段);果核的硬化和种仁从液体状至固化的过程均发生在果实的快速生长阶段,而且二者在时间上基本一致。在核桃种仁充实期种仁内含物质的变化动态是:种仁中的含水量呈非常明显下降趋势;脂肪含量呈上升趋势,且上升的幅度较大;蛋白质的含量基本上呈下降趋势,但在8月上旬及之前下降的幅度很小;可溶性糖的含量则均是呈现出先升后降的变化趋势,峰值在8月份上旬,但可溶性糖的含量不高,均低于1.5%;核桃种仁和种皮中的多酚类物质含量的变化规律性不强,且前后的含量变化不大,种皮的含量很高而种仁中的含量很低,种皮才是核桃表现出涩味的部位。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to provide reference for the breeding and scientific and rational cultivation practice activities of the raw walnut resources in Yichang City,,Hubei Province,we use four local seedling walnut plants(numbered ZCP1702,ZCP1703-1,ZCP1703-2,and ZCP1708)as the test materials,to observe the biological characteristics of flowering,fruit drop dynamics,fruit growth dynamics and the change of fruit flavor substance content.The results are as follows:The blossom periods of the male and female flowers of the four local seedling walnut plants were in April,the blossom period of male flowers for every plant lasted for 9 to 15 days,the blossom period of female flowers lasted for 11 to 17 days,the full-bloom stage of the male and female flowers were relatively short,only for 3 to 5 days;ZCP1702 and ZCP1708 belong to protogynous protandrous type resources,ZCP1703-1 and ZCP1703-2 were female-type resources protogynous type resources;The pollen viabilities at full-bloom stage were the highest,the first-bloom stage the second,and the last-bloom stage the lowest.The pollen viabilities of the local seedling walnut plants at the full-blossom stage were over 40%.The physiological fruit drop dynamics for all plants showed two distinct peak periods,which respectively appeared in mid-May and mid-June and were basically consistent with the liquid state stage Inside the seed in time i.e.occured in the early stage of embryo development.The growth dynamics of fruit three-diameter,fruit core diameter,green skin thickness,fruit volume and weight of the four plants showed a dynamic trend of first fast and then slow.The growth process of the fruit is divided into a rapid growth phase and a slow growth phase.The three-diameter,fruit-nuclear transverse diameter and green skin thickness reached the maximum growth in early July,and the fruit volume and weight reached the maximum growth in mid-July;The development of the seed kernel went through liquid stage,gel stage and solidifying stage(cotyledon formation stage)in turn.The stages of the fruit core hardening and the seed kernels from liquid to solidification occured in the fruit rapid growth phaset,and both of them were substantially consistent in time.The dynamic changes of the contents in seed during the filling stage of seeds were as follows:The water content in the kernels showed a very significant downward trend;the fat content increased and the change range was large;The protein content is basically declining,but the decline is very small in early August and before;the soluble sugar content increased first and then decreased and reached the highest value in early August,but the content for all stages were not high,less than 1.5%;The polyphenols content from beginning to end changed little;The polyphenols content in seed coat was very high,but the content of seed kernel was very low.The seed coat is the part where walnut showsed astringent taste.更多还原