【作者】 王峰；

【导师】 杨东升； 王玉才；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 电气工程（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来“雾霾”、“PM2.5”、“口罩”等有关空气质量的词频频出现在公众的视野中,环境污染问题正严重影响着人们的正常生活。而环境问题的产生与化石燃料等不可再生能源的利用息息相关,同时传统化石能源过度开采,使其资源储备迅速减少。太阳能和风能作为经济、清洁的新能源受到了人们前所未有的青睐。随着风光储等分布式电源的接入,对微电网的监控要求也越来越高。论文正是在这样的背景下,以东北大学和辽宁电能股份有限公司联合开发的微电网系统为研究基点,以AT89C51作为控制芯片,设计了针对风光储混合微电网的监控系统。完成了数据采集器和环境检测仪的研发,各项结果均达到了设计要求。论文最后对光伏发电和风力发电中的最大功率点跟踪技术进行了深入研究。本文主要完成了以下几个方面的工作:(1)研究了光伏发电系统、风力发电系统和蓄电池储能系统三种分布式电源的基本原理并建立了数学模型。然后,在MATLAB/Simulink环境下搭建了三种分布式电源的仿真模型并进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,光伏和风力发电系统电压的输出波形满足并网要求。(2)为确保太阳能和风能转换为电能,微电网发电系统的研制则是不可缺少的一个环节。针对光伏阵列和风力发电转换效率低的问题,本文通过最大功率点跟踪控制算法来解决。分析了光伏和风力发电的原理,并从最大功率跟踪控制算法入手,对当前主流的控制算法展开研究,同时为了得到动态性能和稳定性能更优的功率输出结果,提出了基于改进型变步长扰动观察法的光伏最大功率点跟踪方法和基于改进型爬山搜索算法的风机最大功率点跟踪方法,并做了仿真验证。(3)本文主芯片采用AT89C51单片机对微电网监控系统进行了软硬件设计。硬件设计包括数据采集器、环境监测仪的设计,其中数据采集电路分为直流电压电流采集电路和交流电压电流采集电路;环境监测仪主要用于测量风向、风速、温度以及光照强度等。软件设计了系统的客户端平台,方便对系统实施远程监控。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,the words about air quality such as "fog","PM2.5","Mask"frequently appear in the public eye,which show that air pollution seriously affects people’s life.Environmental problems are closely related to use of fossil fuels and other non-renewable energy.Solar and wind energy as the new energy of clean and economy have been hitherto unknown attention.With the wind-PV-ES and other distributed power supply access,micro-grid monitoring requirements are getting higher and higher.Under this background,this thesis was written on the basis of the micro-grid system which was developed by Northeastern University and Liaoning Electric Power Company.A monitoring system for wind-PV-ES hybrid micro-grid was designed in this thesis with the help of AT89C51 as control chip.Completed the data acquisition and environmental testing instrument research and development,the results have reached the design requirements.The maximum power point tracking technology in photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation was deeply studied in the end.The main works of the thesis are shown as follow.(1)The basic principles and mathematical models of three kinds of micro-power sources,including photovoltaic power generation system,direct-drive permanent magnet wind power generation system and storage battery energy storage device are researched.The emulation model of three kinds of micro-power supply is built and simulated under MATLAB/Simulink environment.The simulation results show that the output voltage waveform of photovoltaic power generation system and wind power generation system is of good quality,and the storage battery energy storage device can maintain the constant DC voltage.(2)In order to guarantee solar and wind energy convert into electric energy,the development of micro-grid power generation system is an indispensable link.Aiming at solving the problem of low efficiency of photovoltaic conversion,this thesis is also with the help of the maximum power point control algorithm.Firstly,the principle of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation is analyzed,and research on the current mainstream algorithm of the maximum power point tracking(MPPT)control.In order to obtain the better power output results with dynamic performance and stable performance.The method of photovoltaic and wind power generation maximum power point tracking based on improved variable step-size perturbation and observation method and fan maximum power point tracking based on improved climbing search algorithm are proposed and simulated.(3)The main chip in this paper using AT89C51 microcontroller micro-grid monitoring system for the hardware and software design.The data acquisition circuit includes DC current collecting circuit,DC voltage collecting circuit,AC current collecting circuit and AC voltage collecting circuit.The environmental monitoring information includes wind speed,wind direction,temperature and light intensity.In order to facilitate the implementation of remote monitoring system,software design includes client platform of the system.更多还原