【作者】 陶骏；

【导师】 叶良芳；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国社会经济的高速发展,与其他国家(地区)间的人员流动日益频繁,偷越国(边)境犯罪活动正呈现出新的变化和趋势,各种新型偷越国(边)境犯罪的手段不断出现,使得司法工作人员在对本罪的理解和适用过程中存在颇多争议,导致司法实践中对该罪认定的标准不一致。这不仅不利于司法公正的实现,而且极大地损害了司法权威。但目前,无论是理论界还是实务界,对偷越国(边)境罪研究仍然较少,且研究的范围比较单一和零散,没有能够系统、全面的研究该罪名。因此,有必要对偷越国(边)境犯罪现状和危害、偷越国(边)境罪立法现状及司法适用中的争议进行阐述,对偷越国(边)境罪的核心概念及既遂未遂的认定进行学理分析,对司法实践中遇到的疑难问题进行法理评析,以期能明确法律适用的思路,统一司法标准,实现司法效果与法律效果、社会效果的有机统一。第一部分引言主要是对我国偷越国(边)境犯罪活动现状和偷越国(边)境罪的研究现状做一般性介绍,包括现有的研究状况,实践中存在的难题,本文的研究意义以及在理论和实践上的价值。第二部分首先论述了偷越国(边)境犯罪活动的现状和发展趋势,通过列举相关数据,归纳总结我国偷越国(边)境犯罪活动的危害。同时,对偷越国(边)境罪立法现状及司法适用中的争议进行阐述,以此说明我国打击和遏制偷越国(边)境犯罪活动的刑事、行政法律体系已基本建立,但对偷越国(边)境罪研究较少,给案件办理带来了一定的困扰。第三部分主要是对偷越国(边)境罪的核心概念进行研究和分析。首先,结合《中华人民共和国出境入境管理法》中关于中国公民和外国人在出境入境方面的规定,从偷越的概念和偷越的方式对“偷越”的内涵进行释义;其次,在对“国(边)境”概念文理解释的基础上比较不同学者的观点,并结合实际,认定“国(边)境”的概念不仅应包含国(边)界和国(边)界两侧的区域,还应包含国(边)境管理制度,并从国境、主权边境和非主权边境、拟制的国(边)境三方面诠释“国(边)境”的具体表现形式;最后,在介绍“情节严重”的基本含义及法律地位后,结合相关司法解释,对符合情节严重的偷越国(边)境行为进行举例说明。第四部分主要是对偷越国(边)境罪既遂未遂认定的基本问题、学理观点进行探讨,进而结合司法实践中具体形式的偷越国(边)境行为,提出对偷越国(边)境罪既遂认定的标准和法律适用建议。第五部分主要是对司法实践中遇到的关于偷越国(边)境罪与他罪的界限、合法出境迂回偷渡行为应如何定性、违规因私出国(境)是否构成偷越国(边)境犯罪以及偷越国(边)境次数的认定等疑难问题及真实案例进行研究,通过论述不同学者的观点,并结合刑法理论分析,最后提出自己的解决思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of China’s social economy and the increasingly movement of people among other countries(regions),the crime of illegal crossing the country border is showing new changes and trends.Various new means of illegal crossing the border are constantly emerging,which bring out the disputes in the process of understanding and applying the crime by the judicial officials.These controversies also lead to the inconsistent standards in judicial practices which not only are not conducive to the realization of judicial justice,but also greatly undermine the authority of justice.Up to now,there is still less research on this criminal act no matter in theory or practice,and the scope of the study is relatively single and scattered without systematic and comprehensive researching.Therefore,it is necessary to expound the present situation and harm of the crime and theoretically analyzes the core concept of a crime as well as jurisprudence commenting on the difficult cases in the process of juridical practices so as to clarify the thought for the application of law,unify the judicial standard then achieve the organic unity of judicial effect,legal effect and social effect.The first part of the thesis is an introduction stating the current situation of China’s criminal activities and the research status of the crime,including the existing research status,practical problems,the significance of this study and its theoretical and practical value.The second part firstly discusses the current situation and development trend of crime of illegal crossing the national border,and summarizes the harm of this criminal activities in China by listing relevant data.Meanwhile,this paper expounds the legislative status and judicial disputes of the crime,so as to show that China has basically established the criminal and administrative legal system to combat and curb the crime,but there is little research on this criminal activities,which has brought some troubles to handle the cases.The third part mainly studies and analyzes the difficult problems existing the core concept of the cross-border crime.Firstly,combining with the jurisdiction clauses on the entry and exit for Chinese citizens and foreigners in the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Administration of Exit and Entry of the People’s Republic of China,this paper interprets the connotation of "illegally crossing" from both the concept and the way;secondly,by comparing the views of different scholars on the basis of the interpretation of the concept combining with the actual situation,it is concluded that the concept of "state(frontier)boundary" should include not only the region on both sides of the state(frontier)boundary,but also the state(frontier)border management system,and the specific manifestations of "state(frontier)boundary" should be interpreted from three aspects:the frontier,the sovereign frontier and the non-sovereign frontier,and the suppositional frontier.Finally,after introducing the basic meaning and legal status of "serious circumstances",and combining with relevant judicial interpretations,this paper illustrates the serious violation of the border(frontier).The fourth part puts forward the viewpoints and legal suggestions for the determination of accomplishment and attempt of the crime of transgressing a country(frontier)by combining the concrete forms in judicial practice based on the essential issues and theoretical viewpoints of the criteria for the completion of this crime.The fifth part discriminates the criminal activity of illegal crossing the border from others in the judicial practice,including the illegal circuitous crossing the border as legitimate-looking,moreover defines the illegal crossing the border for private reasons and the identification of the times of this crime.Finally the author puts forward his own solutions through combining with the theoretical analysis of criminal law as well as various scholars’ views.更多还原