【作者】 贾伟；

【导师】 贾崇奇；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 公共卫生（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 研究背景吸烟及接触二手烟对人类的健康产生了严重的危害,因吸烟导致的疾病给社会带来沉重的经济负担。目前已成为全球范围内亟待解决的公共卫生问题。在众多遭受烟草之害的国家中,我国受害尤为严重,我国肺癌、心血管疾病的死亡率的快速增长与吸烟率有一定关系,很多疾病与吸烟相关:一、呼吸系统疾病:香烟中有害成分如焦油、尼古丁和氢氰酸等化学物质能直接损伤气道细胞皮,并对肺泡产生不可逆的损害,导致肺气肿、慢性支气管炎、慢性阻塞性肺病等疾病的发生,肺癌与吸烟有关是无可争辩的事实;二、心脑血管疾病:吸烟可增加心脏和大脑的需氧量,并且烟雾中的有害成分会损伤血管内壁,增加形成血栓的风险导致脑梗塞、冠心病等心脑血管疾病发生。吸烟促使血液流速减慢加快血液凝结导致血管压力与心脏负荷的增加、降低人体对心脏病先兆的感应能力。有研究显示,如果一个人每天吸食超过5支烟,罹患心脑血管疾病的风险高于是非吸烟者十倍以上。吸烟亦会引肺部支气管内积聚之有毒物质,会阻碍人体吸入之空气正常呼出,导致患病者呼吸困难。慢性支气管炎最重要的环境发病因素就是吸烟。青少年哮喘也和吸烟有关。当前青少年吸烟呈现明显的上升趋势。研究表明,吸烟行为形成是一个非常复杂的渐进过程,对青少年的身心健康造成极大的危害。吸烟习惯的养成与生活中的众多因素有关,本次调查主要研究济南市不同大学生群体吸烟行为现状及其影响因素。研究目的了解济南市不同层次大学生群体中吸烟的流行现状、特点。分析济南市大学生吸烟行为的影响因素,提出相应的高校控烟策略,从而为制定控烟预防政策和措施,减少吸烟人群提供科学依据。研究方法本研究采用分层整群随机抽样方法,调查对象为济南市高校。抽取12所学校,其中一本院校三所,每所院校各随机抽取大一年级不同专业的2个班,一本院校总计为182人;二本院校3所,每所院校各随机抽取大一年级不同专业的3个班,二本院校总计为182人;三本院校3所,每所院校各随机抽取大一年级不同专业的3个班,三本院校总计为198人;专科院校3所,每所院校各随机抽取大一年级不同专业的1个班,专科院校总计为182人;以调查问卷的形式进行。研究结果本次问卷调查描述性分析了济南市不同大学生群体吸烟的流行状况及影响因素。在713名学生中,174名学生吸烟,吸烟率为24.40%,其中男生吸烟率为75.86%,女生吸烟率24.14%,男女生吸烟率有显著差异。在专科学校调查170名大学生,吸烟人数为54人,占总人数33.1%,其中男性吸烟率为75.93%,女性吸烟率24.07%,由多因素分析结果可见专科学生吸烟的主要影响因素为学习压力;在三本院校中调查190名学生,吸烟人数为51人,占总人数的26.84%,其中男性吸烟率76.47%,女性吸烟率23.53%,由多因素分析结果可见三本学生吸烟的主要影响因素为任课老师中有人吸烟;在二本院校中调查180名学生,吸烟人数为39人,占总人数的21.67%,其中男性吸烟率74.36%,女性吸烟率25.64%,由多因素分析结果可见二本学生吸烟的主要影响因素为逃课、任课老师中有人吸烟、最好的3位同学或朋友中有人吸烟;在一本院校中,调查180名学生,吸烟人数为30人,占总人数16.67%,其中男性吸烟率76.67%,女性吸烟率23.33%,由多因素分析结果可见一本学生吸烟的主要影响因素为学习成绩。结论与建议影响大学生吸烟的因素错综复杂而且相互影响,包括个人因素、学校因素、家庭因素和社会因素等。其中,性别、个人素质是影响大学生尝试吸烟的重要因素。加强高校的健康教育和控烟干预,提高大学生的素质,正确引导青少年的好奇心理,全社会积极行动创造无烟环境,是减少和控制大学生吸烟的有效措施。大学时代是学生走向社会的很重要的过渡期,其中由学生到社会自然人的过渡在心理的方面将发生很大的变化,这一阶段对外界的各种刺激都非常敏感,若沾染吸烟的刺激很有可能形成比较严重的依赖。更多还原

【Abstract】 BackgroundTobacco seriously affects people’s health and brings heavy economic burden to human society.At present,tobacco has become an urgent public health problem in worldwide.Among the many countries,our country is the most affected by tobacco in the word.The rapid growth of lung cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality in China is related to smoking.First,respiratory diseases:tar,nicotine and hydrocyanic acid in cigarettes can directly damage the airway,and induce emphysema,chronic bronchitis,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and so on.Of course,lung cancer and smoking is an indisputable fact.2.Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases:smoking can increase the oxygen consumption of the heart and brain,increase the burden of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular,cause "stroke" and coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Tobacco burning will produce a large number of toxic chemicals,with strong central nervous toxicity and organ toxicity,increasing the incidence of coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction.Smoking causes blood clots and decreases the body’s ability to respond to heart disease auras,leading to coronary heart disease,hypertension,sudden death,thromboangiitis obliterans and other diseases.What is more worrying is that the smoking of teenagers is on the rise.Studies show that smoking behavior is a very complex and progressive process,which causes great harm to the physical and mental health of teenagers.The formation of smoking habit is related to many factors in life.This survey mainly studied the smoking behavior status of different groups of college students in jinan and its influencing factors.ObjectiveTo understand the prevalence and characteristics of smoking among different college students in jinan.The influencing factors of smoking behavior of college students in jinan were analyzed.So as to provide scientific basis for formulating tobacco control and prevention policies and measures..MethodsA stratified cluster random sampling method was used in this study.The subjects were the universities in Ji’nan.12 schools were selected,including the third level colleges,each of which randomly selected two classes of different majors of freshmen,one of which totaled 182;three of the the second level colleges,each of which randomly selected three classes of different majors of freshmen,two of which totaled 182;three of the third level colleges,each of which randomly selected three classes of different majors of freshmen.There are 198 students in three classes of different majors in freshmen,and one class of different majors in third level colleges and three classes in each college.The total number of students in academy is 182.ResultsThis questionnaire survey analyzed the prevalence and influencing factors of smoking in different groups of college students in Jinan.Of the 713 students,174 students smoked and the smoking rate was 24.40%.The smoking rate of male students was 75.86%.The smoking rate of girls was 24.14%.The smoking rate of male and female students was significantly different.Among the 170 academy students surveyed,54 were smokers,accounting for 33.1 percent of the total.Among them,the male smoking rate was 75.93%and the female smoking rate was 24.07%.The results of multivariate analysis showed that the main influencing factor of smoking was learning stress.Among the 190 students surveyed in the third level colleges and universities,51 were smokers,accounting for 26.84 percent of the total.Among them,the male smoking rate was 76.47%.The female smoking rate was 23.53%.From the results of multivariate analysis,it can be seen that the main influencing factors of smoking in the third level college students are the smoking among the teachers;Among the 180 students surveyed in second level colleges,the number of smokers was 39,accounting for 21.67%of the total.Among them,the smoking rate was 74.36%for men and 25.64%for women.From the results of multivariate analysis,we can see that the main influencing factors of smoking in second level college students are skipping classes,some of the teachers smoke,and the best three students or friends smoke;In best level colleges,180 students were surveyed,and the number of smokers was 30,accounting for 16.67%.Among them,the male smoking rate was 76.67%,the female smoking rate was 23.33%.The result of multivariate analysis shows that the main influencing factor of best level college students smoking is academic record.Conclusion and SuggestionFactors influencing smoking among middle school students in jinan are complex and mutual,including individual factors,school factorsand social factors.Among them,gender and school environment are the important factors influencing middle school students to try smoking.lt is an effective measure to reduce and control smoking of middle school students to strengthen health education and tobacco control intervention in schools,correctly guide the curiosity of teenagers,and create a smoke-free environment through positive actions of the whole society.更多还原