【作者】 王妍；

【导师】 王奇才；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 在不同时期,国家对法律服务所的性质和定位是不同的,其结果表现为性质的含糊性和双重性。为了提升基层法律公共服务质量,改善基层法律服务所的处境,基层法律服务所的定位应当由过渡向常设转变,由公益向营利转变,从而体现基层法律服务所的优势,如服务范围、事项、价格、效果和品牌效应等方面的优势。当前基层法律服务所的现状和存在的问题体现在五个方面,一是社会主要矛盾转化的宏观背景。二是基层法律服务供给不足,包括历史因素导致基层公共产品供给整体短缺;基层法律服务供给不平衡、不充分。三是基层法律服务所发展缺乏法律规制,包括基层法律服务发展依赖政策导向;基层法律服务工作者缺乏应有的法律地位。四是基层法律服务市场缺乏有效监管,包括监管主体不完备;监管依据不完善。五是基层法律服务工作者队伍素质偏低,包括准入条件偏低;缺乏内生动力;后备力量不足。针对基层法律服务所发展的障碍,基层法律服务所的改革路径主要包括:一是坚持基层法律服务产品定位。二是拓展基层法律服务领域,包括满足差异化的法律服务需求;引导社会力量参与。三是推进政府购买基层法律服务,包括完善法律法规;明确购买主体;加大资金投入。四是建立公共法律服务制度保障,包括推进公共法律服务城乡一体化;明确公共法律服务范围;完善公共法律服务体系建设的制度保障,五是加强对基层法律服务所的监管,包括完善基层法律服务所管理的法律法规;规范司法行政机关的管理和监督;加强行业管理和监督;落实基层法律服务所内部管理;健全社会监督;五种监督渠道分别有自身的优势和局限性,需要相互配合、相互补充。六是提升基层法律服务工作者素质,包括通过完善准入机制提升职业化水平;通过加强教育培训达到专业化标准。七是提升社会认知度,包括加强宣传提高群众的知晓率;表彰先进树立品牌效应;区分业务范围消除不平等地位。未来,对基层法律服务所的未来发展进行了展望:实现脱钩改制,成为独立的社会组织,逐步向公益性组织过渡,与律师、法律援助、人民调解等机构共同为不同地域、不同层次、不同人群提供差异化的法律服务,实现城乡公共法律服务一体化。更多还原

【Abstract】 The nature and orientation of legal service office under the background of nation in different periods are different,of which the result is the ambiguity and duality in nature.To improve the quality of grassroots legal public services and perfect the situation of grassroots legal service office,the orientation of grassroots legal service office should be transformed from the transition to permanent one and from the public welfare to profit-making organization,so as to reflect the advantages of grassroots legal service office,such as the scope of services,matters,price,effectiveness and brand effect.The present status and existing problems of grassroots legal service office are embodied in five sides.First of all,the macro-background of transformation on social principal contradiction.Second,the insufficient supply on grassroots legal services,which covers the historical factors resulting in shortage on overall supply of grassroots public goods;as well as the unbalanced and inadequate grassroots legal services supply.Third,there is a lack of legal regulation during the development of grassroots legal service office,including that the development of grassroots legal services rely on policy orientation;Besides,grassroots legal service workers lack deserved legal status.Fourth,the grassroots legal service market lacks effective superintendence,including incomplete supervising subject;Moreover,the regulatory basis is imperfect.Fifth,the quality of grassroots legal service workers are relatively low,including the low access conditions;Lack of endogenous power;Lack of reserve force.With regards to the obstacles against the development of grassroots legal service office,the reform paths for grassroots legal service office mainly include: firstly,adhere to the orientation of grassroots legal service products.Second,expand the grassroots legal services area,including meeting the differentiated legal service needs;And guide the participation of social forces.Third,promote the government to purchase basic legal services,including the improvement on laws and regulations;Identify the purchase subject;And increase the capital investment.Fourth,system guarantee on public legal services shall be established,including the boost on urban-rural integration of public legal services;Clarify the scope of public legal services;Improve the institutional guarantee of the public legal service system construction.Fifth,strengthen the supervision on grassroots legal service office,which includes the improvement on laws and regulations managed by grassroots legal service office;Standardize the administration and supervision of the judicial administrative organs;Enhance industry management and supervision;Implement the internal administrative control of grassroots legal service office;Perfect social supervision;The five supervision channels mentioned above have their own advantages and limitations,so that mutual coordination and mutual complementation are needed.Sixth,improve the quality of grassroots legal service workers,including the improvement on the access mechanism and the promotion on professionalism level;Meet specialization standard by strengthening education training.Seventh,increase the social awareness,including strengthening the publicity to improve the public awareness rate;Commend advanced to build brand effect;Differentiate business scope to eliminate unequal status.Looking ahead,the future development of grassroots legal services office be able to realize decoupling and restructuring,being as an independent social organization,and gradually achieve the transition to the non-profit organization,in addition,together with the lawyers,legal aid,people’s mediation and other institutions,to provide differentiated legal services for different regions,different classes and different populations,so as to realize the integration of urban and rural public legal services.更多还原