【作者】 王君；

【导师】 李景侠；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 园林植物（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 蔷薇科植物种类多、观赏性强,具有良好的景观效果和较强的适应性,因而在园林绿地中应用广泛。本文以西宁市蔷薇科植物为研究对象,在查阅文献的基础上,实地调查了西宁市五个区的单位绿地、居住区绿地、公园绿地、广场绿地、道路绿地共计61个样本绿地中蔷薇科植物的植物种类和应用现状,并对常用蔷薇科植物的生理生态学特性进行了测定,得出以下主要结论:（1）西宁市常用的蔷种薇科植物有30种,隶属16个属。其中,苹果属、蔷薇属、李属均为4种,樱属3种,杏属、桃属、委陵菜属2种,绣线菊属、珍珠梅属、火棘属、山楂属、石楠属、梨属、棣棠属、金露梅、蛇莓属各1种。调查表明蔷薇科植物总体在西宁市城西、城北、城南、城东、城中、海湖新区5个区各类型绿地中应用集中,占据主要的植物配置地位。其中,在公园绿地中的种类数量最大,达30种,应用形式最多;在单位绿地、居住区绿地、广场绿地中应用种类分别为17种、20种和16种,应用模式较少;道路绿地蔷薇科植物应用种类7种,应用形式最少。现今西宁市植物园林造景中应用最为普遍的为榆叶梅、海棠类、珍珠梅等观花类;紫叶李、紫叶矮樱等彩叶类,山楂、李、沙梨等观果类;除此之外,还有适应性较好的月季、黄刺玫等。西宁市蔷薇科植物应用方式有孤植、群植、列植等,与其他植物的配置主要见于乔+灌+草及乔+灌模式。通过分析得出西宁市蔷薇科植物应用存在着几点不足之处,首先是道路绿化植物景观层次不够丰富,再次是养护管理不到位,最后是对蔷薇科植物的生理生态习性不够重视。在此基础之上对调查出的4种常用蔷薇科植物进行了生态测定。（2）本论文还测定了几种常用蔷薇科植物的光曲线、A-Ci曲线和荧光参数。经过曲线拟合和计算,得出每种植物的光饱和点、光补偿点、最大光合速率、最大呼吸速率、最大电子传送率、CO₂光补偿点及饱和点。结果表明,光饱和点在400?mol.m^-2.s^-1以下的蔷薇科植物植物有垂丝海棠、榆叶梅。这些植物生长在树荫下或者侧方遮荫的环境下会生长良好,观赏性强,对病虫害的抵抗力也强。光饱和点在600?mol.m^-2.s^-1以上的蔷薇科植物有紫叶李等,这些都是强阳性植物,能适应强光环境,但是强光伴随高温也会使这些植物生长减慢。其它测定的蔷薇科植物在不受水分胁迫的条件下能适应西宁的强光高温环境。通过分析提出以下几点建议:以乡土树种为骨架,适地适树利用蔷薇科植物不同的造景特点,使其功能性和观赏性相结合,根据不同的环境突出城市特点,掌握落叶树与常绿树配置的合适比例。在植物设计初期充分考虑植物生长特性,加强树木的养护管理工作,提倡科学的养护方法等相关建议,具有实际的指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are many species of rose plants,strong ornamental,good landscape effects and strong adaptability.Therefore,there are more and more widely used gardens.Not only gardening designers,but also popular among the general public.However,because of the lack of understanding of the physiological and ecological habits of the Rosaceae plants,it leads to the poor growth of plants,less flowering,poor ornamental and poor landscape effect in the application process.Such research is conducive to better application of Rosaceae plants,in order to improve the landscape effect of Rosaceae plants in green space.On the basis of literature review,this study carried out a field survey on the Rosaceae plants used in landscape greening in Xining,and measured the physiological and ecological characteristics of common Rosaceae plants.The following main conclusions were drawn:The application status of Rosaceae plants in representative parks,residential areas and road green spaces in Xining was surveyed.The results show that there are 15 species of Rosaceae in Xining,3 species of Photinia,2 species of apple,papaya and Rosa,and 8 species of plum,and only 1 species of Pyrus.The survey shows that Rosaceae plants are widely used in parks and greenbelts,and the application types and application modes of green plants and road green spaces in residential areas are few.At present,the most widely used plant gardens in Xining are red leaf plum,Begonia,Prunus Prunus,cherry blossoms and other cherry blossoms,modern Chinese rose,Huang Cimei,rose and so on.Through the analysis,there are some shortcomings in the application of the Rosaceae plants in Xining,the first is that the landscape level of the road greening plants is not rich enough,and the maintenance management is not in place again.Finally,the physiological and ecological habits of the Rosaceae plants are not paid enough attention.The light curves,A-Ci curves and fluorescence parameters of several Rosaceae plants were also determined.Through curve fitting and calculation,the light saturation point,light compensation point,maximum photosynthetic rate,maximum respiration rate,maximum electron transport rate,optical compensation point and saturation point of each plant are obtained.The results show that the plants of Rosaceae,which are below the saturation point,are Begonia,elm,plum and papaya.These plants grow well under the shade of trees or in the shade,and have strong ornamental and strong resistance to diseases and insect pests.The Rosaceae plants with light saturation point are purple leaf plum,Shi Nan,and Yu Li.These are strong positive plants and can adapt to the strong light environment,but strong light with high temperature can also slow the growth of these plants.Other measurements showed that Rosaceae plants could adapt to the strong light and high temperature environment in Xining without water stress.According to the analysis,the following suggestions are put forward to use the native tree species as the skeleton,to adapt to the different landscaping characteristics of the Rosaceae plants,to combine the function and ornamentals,to highlight the urban characteristics according to the different environment,and to master the appropriate proportion of the deciduous tree and the evergreen tree.In the early stage of plant design,it is of practical significance to take full consideration of plant growth characteristics to strengthen the maintenance and management of trees,and to promote scientific maintenance methods.更多还原