我国最低刑事责任年龄研究

【作者】 徐旭；

【导师】 柳华文；

【作者基本信息】 中国社会科学院研究生院 ， 法律（非法学）（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 青少年承载着一个民族的希望。每当有未成年人恶性犯罪曝光时,总会引起社会各界的高度关注,让人们对青少年的现状感到担忧。由于未成年人生理和心智等并未完全成熟,世界上大多数国家基于对儿童人权的保护会对其进行特殊的规制。刑事责任年龄作为确定未成年人是否承担刑事责任的制度,在保护低龄未成年人犯罪后免受刑罚惩罚方面是有一定积极意义的。诚然,刑罚作为最严厉的手段,对低龄未成年人适用是不妥当的,但是由于恶性犯罪的低龄未成年人通常在不负刑事责任之后,又无其他有效方式去规制这类未成年人,所以对最低刑事责任年龄的争论和质疑都一直存在。有人主张适当降低最低刑事责任年龄的方式来达到遏制犯罪低龄化问题。笔者认为维持最低刑事责任年龄的作法较为妥当,同时也需要完善我国少年司法的制度,秉持“教育、感化、挽救”的方针和“教育为主、惩罚为辅”的原则,构建系统有效的措施来替代刑罚矫正未成年人严重违法犯罪的行为。本文分为绪论、正文、结论三个部分,其中正文分成三个章节。第一章介绍了刑事责任年龄制度从萌芽阶段到完善阶段的发展历程。刑事责任年龄的产生与发展和刑事归罪原则形影相随、不可分割,其变化发展贯穿于客观归罪原则、主观归罪原则和主客观相统一原则之中。介绍和分析了我国的现行法律和国际人权领域关于刑事责任年龄的相关规定,并结合几则典型恶性犯罪案件说明当今社会关于刑事责任年龄的争议。第二章围绕最低刑事责任年龄争论的两种主要观点,即降低最低刑事责任年龄的观点和维持最低刑事责任年龄的观点。本章分两节评析了两种观点的主要依据。第三章论述为何不能降低最低刑事责任年龄,针对低龄化犯罪现象提出综合治理的主张;探讨了关于刑事责任年龄制度的一些漏洞和缺陷;提出了针对未成年人犯罪问题应该采取的对策,即完善相关立法,构建合理的框架及系统有效的措施对未成年人进行教育、矫正,为其重回社会提供帮助。更多还原

【Abstract】 Children are the hope of the society and the country.The juvenile delinquency has caused a lot of social concerns.Many people are worried about the relevant situation of the minors.Because the minors are not fully mature physically and psychologically,most countries in the world will make special regulation on the protection of children’s human rights.The age of criminal responsibility is a system that determines whether minors are criminally responsible and has a positive impact upon the protection of the juvenile delinquents.It is true that the criminal punishment is the severest means and is not suitable for young minors,but the minors usually do not bear criminal responsibility after committing crime,and there are no other effective ways to deal with them,this is why the issue on the minimum age of criminal responsibility has always been controversy.It has been proposed to curb the problem of juvenile delinquency by reducing the minimum age of criminal responsibility,this paper argues that it is necessary to maintain the minimum age of criminal responsibility.Meanwhile,we need improve the system of juvenile justice in our country as well,holding the principle of "educating,reclaiming,and saving" and "education more important than punishment,”and adopting effective measures that can replace the punishment to correct the juvenile delinquency.This paper consists of three parts-introduction,main body and conclusion.And the main body is divided into three chapters.The first chapter introduces the development of the age system of criminal responsibility from the initial stage to the perfect stage.The generation and development of the age system of criminal responsibility is closely related to the principle of criminal imputation,and its change and development throughout the principle of objective imputation 、 the principle of subjective imputation and the principle of unity of subjective and objective imputation.This chapter also introduces and analyzes the relevant provisions on the age of criminal responsibility in China’s current law and international human rights law,and uses several typical criminal cases to illustrate the controversies on the age of criminal responsibility.The second chapter focuses on the two main viewpoints of the minimum age of criminal responsibility: the view of reducing the minimum age of criminal responsibility and the view of maintaining the minimum age of criminal responsibility.The two sections of this chapter elaborate the main basis of the two kinds of thoughts.The third chapter discusses why we can not reduce the minimum age of criminal responsibility,and puts forward the comprehensive suggestions for the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency.It discusses some flaws in the age system of criminal responsibility as well and proposes some strategies for juvenile delinquency challenge-through the improvement of relevant legislation and adoption of reasonable and effective measures,we should try to correct minors and help them return to society.更多还原