【作者】 陈恒；

【导师】 管斌；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 自消费金融公司试点以来,在拉动经济增长、完善金融体制建设、提高居民生活水平方面发挥了举足轻重的作用,同时显示出作为一种新型金融形式的优势性和成长性。中国人民银行数据显示,未来五年消费信贷整体将以21%左右的速度稳步增长,这其中包含房贷,预计到2019年规模将会增长到41万亿元。截止2107年4月,银监会已批准开业的消费金融公司达17家,并且可以在全国布局,可预料的是,未来消费金融公司数量将会继续增加,业务将爆发式增长。然而监管制度总是落后于市场的创新,从历史来看,每次金融危机背后都隐藏着监管制度的缺失。消费金融公司经过八年的试点积累经验,我们也发现,消费金融公司在实际发展中面临有多风险:首先,消费金融公司由于和金融消费者之间的信息不对称而导致的信用缺失,进而引发的违约;其次,我国消费金融公司的运营中存在各种法律问题,譬如产品的类型单一化严重,缺乏创新。同时消费金融公司准入门槛也较高,资金来源不够广泛,影响发展;最后,消费金融公司的配套法律制度需加强完善,如消费金融公司监管规范制定得尚不具体,对于消费者权益保护的法律有待加强,消费金融公司与借贷者的权利义务规定的不具体,有待细化。由于消费金融公司自身的特点、监管难度以及运营模式的不成熟等原因,常暴露在高风险中。笔者通过实证分析案例,发现消费金融公司业务缺乏创新性、差异性,实务中经常面临的欺诈风险、操作风险和欺诈风险。理论研究方面,运用历史分析法对消费金融公司的产生和发展历程进行动态的考察,厘清了消费金融产生和发展的路径依赖,梳理消费金融公司产生与发展的脉络。监管制度方面,运用比较分析法,通过对中、美消费金融公司的比较研究国内消费金融公司发展的差距和国内外学者对消费金融公司认知的差异,对国外消费金融公司监管的立法实践进行比较研究,为我国在实践中如何选择性的吸收和借鉴提供了判别的依据。运用实证分析法,分析了消费金融金融公司发展现状,梳理出几个重要的风险点。论文的研究内容包括导论和四个主体部分,就分析框架而言,各部分之间有较强的逻辑性。第一章论述选题背景、研究综述和研究方法,凸显问题意识。该章梳理了我国消费金融公司的国内外研究现状,指出当前消费金融公司理论研究仍停留在滞后性的解释、堆积和拼接,缺乏系统性、整体性研究。有必要摒弃零敲碎打的金融制度变迁,准确把脉问题背后的逻辑关系与“脉络”。第二章是消费金融公司的一般理论概述,主要论述了消费金融公司的的内涵与外延,厘清几个较为混淆的概念。为了很好的理解消费金融公司业务,特别区分了消费金融公司与商业银行的信用卡业务、个人贷款业务以及小额贷款公司业务。最后,从不同角度尝试解释消费者的消费信贷需求的理论基础,总结了几个学说和理论,探索消费贷款需求产生的本质条件:即购买欲望欲望和购买能力。从而为整篇文章打下理论基础。第三章是消费金融公司的监管现状。笔者实证分析了我国消费金融公司时面临的现状以及困境,研究和分析我国应有的法律政策和法技术选择。着眼点在于整个消费金融行业的运行规律、业务模式、发展困境,最后总结出我国消费金融公司面临的风险因素。另一方面,从我国的监管法律制度着手,通过对比各个时期的不同监管制度,梳理出其中的变化,从而为监管制度的完善做准备。第四章通过分析消费金融公司域外发达国家的监管经验。总结诸如美国、德国、日本的监管措施,结合我国的监管现状,以进一步完善我国的监管体系。第五章提出消费金融公司的监管制度的完善建议。主要包括监管理念、统一立法、征信制度、消费者权益等方面。不但要加强消费金融公司自身监管,而且要重视政府、行业协会的外部约束,在遵循市场规律前提情况下,推动消费金融公司持续、健康发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the pilot of the consumer finance company,it has played a significant role in stimulating economic growth,improving the financial system construction,promoting residents’ consumption and improving the living standards of the residents,and has shown the advantages and growth as a new form of financial.People’s Bank of China data show that the next five years,consumer credit(including mortgage)in line with the overall growth rate is about 21%,by 2019 the overall size will grow 41 trillion yuan.As of April2107,the CBRC has approved the opening of the consumer finance companies up to 17,and can be in the national layout,it is expected that the future number of consumer finance companies will continue to increase,the business will be explosive growth.However,the regulatory system is always behind the market innovation,from a historical point of view,behind each financial crisis are hidden in the absence of regulatory system."If a system is not criticized,it can not be improved,and if anything goes wrong,it will never be possible," said Bentham.Consumer finance companies after eight years of accumulated experience,we also found that consumer finance companies in the actual operation and operation of the existence of many risks and legal issues: First,consumer finance companies and customers because of the information asymmetry between the face of credit risk,Secondly,there are various legal problems in the China’s consumer finance companies,such as high market access standards,insufficient sources of funds,narrow scope of business,and so on.Moreover,there are various legal problems in the operation of consumer finance companies in China.,Consumer finance company’s supporting legal environment also need to improve,such as consumer finance company regulatory norms are not yet specific,consumer finance companies and customers between the rights and obligations of the configuration has to be refined.The research of this paper has certain theoretical and practical significance.Due to its own characteristics,regulatory difficulty and immaturity of the operating model and other reasons,consumer finance companies are often exposed to high risk.I empirical analysis of the case,found that consumer finance company business lack of innovation and the riskof fraud,operational risk and fraud risk.Theoretical research,domestic scholars do not study,the existing research direction only stay in the country,but also the lack of research system and integrity.In this regard,the author based on the domestic,research and analysis of foreign successful experience.Theoretical research,the use of historical analysis of consumer finance company’s emergence and development process of a dynamic study to clarify the consumer finance and development of the path dependence,combing the emergence and development of consumer finance company context.In the aspect of supervision system,the comparative analysis method is used to study the development of domestic consumer finance companies and the differences between domestic and foreign scholars on the cognition of consumer finance companies.Comparative study,for our country in practice how to selectively absorb and learn to provide a basis for discrimination.Using empirical analysis,empirical analysis of the development of consumer finance and financial companies,sort out several important risk points.The research content of the thesis includes the introduction and the four main parts,and there is a strong logic between the parts in terms of the analysis framework.The first chapter discusses the background of the topic,the research summary and the research method,highlights the problem consciousness.This chapter combs the domestic and foreign research status of domestic consumer finance company,and points out that the current research theory of consumer finance company still lags behind the explanation,accumulation and stitching,lack of systematic and holistic research.It is necessary to abandon the fragmented financial system changes,accurate pulse problem behind the logical relationship and the "context." The second chapter is the general theory of consumer finance company,mainly discusses the connotation and extension of consumer finance company,clarify several more confusing concepts.In order to understand the business of consumer finance company,it distinguishes the credit card business,personal loan business and microfinance business of consumer finance company and commercial bank in particular.Finally,from different angles to try to explain the consumer’s consumer credit needs of the theoretical basis,summed up a few theories and theories to explore the essential conditions of consumer loans demand: the desire to buy desire and purchasingpower.Lay the theoretical foundation for the whole article.The third chapter is the current situation of the supervision of consumer finance companies.The author analyzes the present situation and the dilemma faced by the consumer finance company in our country,and studies and analyzes the legal policy and legal choice of our country.Focusing on the operation of the entire consumer finance industry,business model,the development of difficulties,summed up China’s consumer finance companies face the risk factors.On the other hand,from the supervision of our legal system,through the comparison of different periods of different regulatory systems,sort out the changes,so as to prepare for the improvement of the regulation.The fourth chapter induction the experience of consumer finance company in the developed countrys.such as United States,Japan and Germany,and summarizes its experience.Chapter 5 puts forward the consummation suggestion of the supervisory system of the consumer finance company.Mainly including the concept of supervision,unified legislation,credit system,consumer rights and so on.Not only to strengthen the self-regulation of consumer finance companies,but also to attach importance to the government,industry associations,external constraints.更多还原