【作者】 刘向阳；

【导师】 刘明；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 机械工程， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 相比直齿锥齿轮,螺旋锥齿轮有着承载能力强、传动平稳、噪声小的优点,被广泛应用于航空航天、汽车、工程机械等领域。同时,由于传统螺旋锥齿轮采用局部共轭的设计方法,需要对齿面修形。由于螺旋锥齿轮的加工方法,使得机床调整参数对螺旋锥齿轮的齿面形状起决定性作用。在传统加工过程中,由于机床调整参数计算仅仅着眼于齿面计算中点,会导致生产的齿轮发生齿根接触或对角接触等接触缺陷,需要对齿轮副进行多次滚检并对机床调整参数进行调整才能满足使用要求。因此,有必要基于机床调整参数对齿轮建模及接触进行研究,并研究对齿面接触进行调整和优化的方法。基于实际螺旋锥齿轮加工机床的结构,建立加工机床和刀具数学模型,根据机床各部件之间运动关系以及齿轮啮合原理,分析各机床调整参数之间相互关系,并建立螺旋锥齿轮齿面方程。采用齿面网格划分的方法,对齿面进行离散化处理。针对齿面方程研究切齿深度和刀具相角初值的计算方法,对齿面方程进行分析并求解。基于齿面方程和齿轮装配模型,研究螺旋锥齿轮齿面向量之间相对关系,建立接触方程,以齿面中点为初始接触点,研究接触方程的求解。基于微分几何原理及接触方程求解结果,计算螺旋锥齿轮的接触轨迹和传动误差曲线,利用齿面主曲率、短程挠率等参数计算接触椭圆。利用数值方法研究齿轮齿面接触质量的量化。研究螺旋锥齿轮齿面法向变形的定义,分析机床调整参数对齿面的综合影响。基于每个离散点的变化情况,研究机床调整参数对齿面变形的影响。研究差曲面的拟合方法和各系数的几何意义,研究螺旋锥齿轮的机床调整参数对差曲面各系数的影响。基于接触分析,进一步研究不同机床调整参数对接触质量的影响,对接触质量进行量化分析。基于机床调整参数和接触分析的研究,对螺旋锥齿轮接触的调整和优化方法进行研究。研究基于差曲面对齿轮接触进行调整的方法,并对目标齿面的机床调整参数进行反求,通过对机床调整参数进行修正对齿轮接触缺陷进行改善,避免齿根、齿顶接触,大端、小端接触。以机床调整参数为优化变量,以传动误差曲线对称性为优化目标,基于遗传算法,对螺旋锥齿轮传动误差曲线进行优化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Spiral bevel gears can change the transmission direction,compared with spur bevel gears,spiral bevel gears have the advantages of strong bearing capacity,stable transmission and low noise,thus they are widely used in engineering machinery and other fields.Because the traditional design method of spiral bevel gear is the local conjugate,it needs to modify the tooth surface and make the gear tolerate more mounting errors,so the adjustment parameters of the machine tool play a decisive role on the tooth surface shape of helical bevel gears.In the process of traditional spiral bevel gear machining,the calculating of machine tool parameters only focusses on the reference of flank,it will cause different kind of contact fault,for example,top or root contact,diagonal contact.The workers need to check the gear pair and adjust the parameters repeatedly.For this reason,the research on machine tool parameters based on contact analysis is significance.The model of machine tool and the gear cutter model are established,based on the structure of the actual spiral bevel gear machine.According to the motion relationship between the parts of the machine tool and the meshing principle of gears,the relationship between different parameters of machine tool is analyzed and the equation of tooth surface of spiral bevel gear is established.The tooth surface is discretized by the method of meshing mesh.According to the tooth surface equation,the method of calculating the tooth depth and tool phase angle initial value is studied,and the surface equation is analyzed and solved.Based on the tooth surface equation and gear assembly model,this paper studies the relative relationship of vector between spiral bevel gears,establishes the contact equation,and studies the solution of the contact equation with the midpoint of the tooth surface as the initial contact point.Based on the principle of differential geometry and the result of contact equation,the contact trajectory and transmission error curve of spiral bevel gears are calculated,and the contact ellipse is computed by using parameters such as the torsion and curvature of the tooth surface.Numerical methods are used to quantify the contact quality of gear tooth surface.The definition of the normal deformation of spiral bevel gear tooth surface is studied,and the comprehensive influence of the adjustment parameters of the machine tool on the tooth surface is analyzed.Based on the variation of each discrete point,the influence of the adjustment parameters of the machine tool on the tooth surface deformation is studied.The fitting method of the difference surface and the geometrical meaning of each coefficient are studied,and the influence of the adjustment parameters of the spiral bevel gears on the coefficients of the difference surfaces is studied.Based on contact analysis,the influence of different adjustment parameters on contact quality is further studied,and the contact quality is quantitatively analyzed.Based on the study of the adjustment parameters and contact analysis of the machine tool,the adjustment and optimization method of spiral bevel gears are studied.Based on the method of the adjustment of the gear contact,the adjustment parameters of the target tooth surface are studied,and the adjustment parameters of the machine tool are modified to improve the contact defects of the gears,so as to avoid the top or root contact,heel or toe contact.The transmission error curve of spiral bevel gear is optimized based on genetic algorithm,which takes the parameter of machine tool as optimization variable and the symmetry of transmission error curve as the optimization target.更多还原