【作者】 李昕；

【导师】 闫朝阳； 邢海波；

【作者基本信息】 燕山大学 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 传统化石燃料的消耗殆尽和大气污染问题日趋严重,而且电动汽车具有效率高、构成简单、噪声低、无污染等诸多优点,所以电动汽车势必成为今后的主流交通工具。无刷直流电机以其调速性能好、寿命长、运行可靠等特点,使其可应用在科研、军工、航天、民用等领域,所以本文选取无刷直流电机作为研究的对象。高频链矩阵式逆变器具有功率密度大、重量轻的特点,它还可较为有效的克服同一桥臂短时直通带来的开关管损坏问题,所以选取高频链逆变器作为无刷直流电机的驱动器。首先,介绍了课题的研究背景及意义,总结了国内和国外各类电动汽车的发展现状和趋势,无刷直流电机以综合性能优良的特点使其在电动汽车领域得到了较为广泛的应用。同时也简述了高频逆变技术和无刷直流电机拓扑的发展历程。其次,简述了无刷直流电机的结构和数学模型,由于它采用电子换相的方式所以能有效的减少机械损耗。对高频链逆变器驱动无刷直流电机的两两导通和三三导通进行了仿真的验证,得到仿真结果与理论分析相一致,证明了高频链逆变器驱动无刷直流电机可实现两种经典控制方式稳定可靠的运行。再次,对比了无刷直流电机两种经典控制方式,结合这两种控制方式,提出一种高频链逆变器驱动无刷直流电机两两启动三三运行的模式。针对实验条件下三三导通在启动阶段驱动信号合成不准确,两两启动三三运行驱动信号合成困难的问题,提出了一种采用阶跃信号作为切换时基的切换方式,较为有效的克服了这个难题。另外,结合120度和180度导通方式提出一种高频链逆变器驱动无刷直流电机的150度导通方式,也可称为两三混合导通,增加了电压矢量的个数,细化了原有的扇区划分模式,提高了绕组的利用率,基于此提出了两种新型的PWM调制方式。然后提出了高频链逆变器驱动无刷直流电机十二扇区直接转矩控制,该方法能够较为有效的减小换相转矩脉动问题。最后,搭建了课题的实验平台和硬件电路,以DSP-CPLD联合控制系统作为控制的核心,在理论分析和仿真的基础上进行了相关的试验验证。更多还原

【Abstract】 The depletion of traditional fossil fuels and atmospheric pollution are becoming more and more serious.Moreover,electric vehicles have many advantages such as high efficiency,simple structure,low noise,and no pollution.Therefore,electric vehicles are bound to become the popular vehicles in the future.Brushless DC motor has advantages of good speed control performance,long service life,reliable operation and so on,so it can be applied in scientific research,military industry,aerospace,civil and other fields.Therefore,brushless DC motor is selected as the research object.The high-frequency link matrix inverter has the characteristics of large power density and light weight.It can also effectively overcome the problem of damage caused by the short-term conducts of the same bridge arm.Therefore,the high-frequency link inverter is selected as the driver of the brushless DC motor.Firstly,the research background and significance of the topic are introduced,and the development status and trends of various types of electric vehicles at domestic and abroad are summarized.Brushless DC motors have been widely applied in the field of electric vehicles because of their excellent performance.At the same time,it briefly describes the development of high-frequency inverter technology and brushless DC motor topology.Secondly,the structure and mathematical model of the brushless DC motor are briefly described.Because it adopts the electronic commutation method,it can effectively reduce the mechanical loss.The two-two conduction and three-three conduction of the brushless DC motor driven by the high-frequency link inverter were verified by simulation.The simulation results are in accordance with the theoretical analysis and it is proved that the high-frequency link inverter driving brushless DC motor can realize two kinds of the classic control method is stable and reliable.Thirdly,comparing two classical control methods of brushless DC motor and combining these two control methods,this paper proposes a mode of two-two starting three-three running operation of brushless DC motor driven by high-frequency link inverter.In view of the inaccurate synthesis of the drive signal during the start-up phase ofthe three-three mode turn-on of the experimental conditions,and the difficulty in synthesizing the drive signals of two-two starting three-three running,the method of a step signal as the switching time base is proposed,which effectively overcomes the problem.In addition,a 150-degree conduction method of a high-frequency link inverter driven brushless DC motor is proposed in combination with 120-degree and 180-degree conduction method,which may also be referred to as two-three hybrid conduction,which increases the number of voltage vectors.The original sector division mode improves the utilization of the windings.Based on this,two new types of PWM modulation methods are proposed.Secondly,a twelve-sector direct torque control of a brushless DC motor driven by a high-frequency link inverter is proposed.This method can effectively reduce the commutation torque ripple problem.Finally,the experiment platform and hardware circuit of the project were set up.The DSP-CPLD combined control system was taken as the core of the control.Based on the theoretical analysis and simulation,relevant experimental verification was carried out.更多还原