【作者】 朱琳；

【导师】 宣朝庆；

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 ， 社会学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 社会主义理念和制度是如何落实到社会空间之中的,这是社会转型必须面对的重要问题。工人新村建设是社会主义建设初期的一项重要工作,在改善工人生活状况,保障生产建设的同时,也把社会主义理念转化成社会制度,落实到工人的日常生活领域。也就是说,工人新村的建设就是要完成一个满足生产、政权和生活三方面需求的社会主义空间。为了实现保障生产、巩固政权的目的,“单位制”和“街居制”共同领导天津工人新村内的各类实践活动,通过规划建设、日常管理和组织群众运动不断将社会主义城市管理制度的理念落实在工人新村内,使得工人新村内的工人及家属对社会主义集体观念的认同逐步加深,工人新村内生活实践的空间与时间集体化程度不断提高。本研究以天津市建成最早、规模最大的中山门工人新村作为主要个案,其他六个工人新村为辅助个案,通过查阅档案和深度访谈,从规划建设、日常管理和群众运动三个方面,尝试描绘重现1950年代天津工人新村的生活图景:在规划建设方面,天津工人新村采用了“邻里单位”的规划理念,在有限的物质条件下保证宿舍无差别的工程质量标准,营造了一种平等的工人集体化空间;新村入口及中心区设立的标准时钟、建设早期发动工人参与义务劳动,则将生产中的集体时间观念引入工人生活中。在日常管理方面,居民们接受单位工会和街公所的双重领导,他们的生活时间和空间既为生产服务,也为政权服务,借助家属委员会的推动,居民渐渐认同了“通过保证工人身体来保障生产、服务军烈属日常生活来换取国家政权稳定”的集体化逻辑。在爱国卫生运动和爱国增产节约运动中,工会和街公所借助重大事件,集中力量进行更大范围的群众动员,让新村居民通过参与群众运动加深对集体的认同感和归属感。综上所述,1950年代的天津工人新村不仅仅是一个单位制工人聚居区,而且是一个在生产、政治和生活上都有集体意识,并以生产为中心的工人居住区,在单位制和街居制的双重领导下,其生活样态“邻里单位”与生产样态“工作单位”在时间和空间上都是高度集体化的。更多还原

【Abstract】 How to implement socialism concept and system in the social space is an important problem that social transformation must face.The construction of worker model village was an important work in the early stage of socialist construction.While improving the living conditions of workers and ensuring production and construction,it also transformed the socialism concept into a social system,which is implemented in the daily life of the workers.Therefore,the worker model villages should be planned and built into a socialism space that meets the needs of production,political power and life.In order to achieved the purpose of ensuring production and consolidating the political power,the "unit system" and "street system" jointly lead the various practical activities of the Tianjin worker model villages.Through the planning,construction,daily management and organization the mass movement,the concept of the socialism city management system is continuously implemented in the worker model villages.Workers and family members’ recognition of the collective sense of socialism has deepened,the degree of collectivization of time and space in worker model villages has been improving.In this study,the earliest and largest Zhongshanmen Worker Model Village in Tianjin was researched as the main case and the other six were supplemented.Through consulting files and in-depth interviews,this study tried to describe and reproduce the life picture of the Tianjin worker model village from three aspects of planning,construction,daily management and mass movement in the year of 1950 s.In the aspect of planning and construction,the planning idea of "neighborhood units" is adopted to ensure that the dormitory is not different under the limited material conditions,and creates an equal space for the workers’ collectivization;the standard clock set up in the entrance of the o village and the central area,the concept of collective time in production is introduced into the workers’ life.In the daily management,the workers who accept the dual leadership of the trade union and the street office,their living time and space are both for the production service and the government service.With the help of the family committee,the residents gradually agree that "by ensuring the workers’ body to guarantee the production and service army’s daily life for the country",which the collectivization logic of production efficiency and regime stability.In the patriotic health movement and the patriotic increase in production and economy,the trade unions and the street office made the residents of the new village to deepen their sense of identity and belonging to the collective through participation in the mass movements.To sum up,the Tianjin worker model villages in 1950 s is not only a residential area of unit system,but also a "production centered" residential area with collective consciousness in production,politics and life.Under the dual leadership of unit system and street system,the living pattern "neighborhood unit" and production pattern "work unit" is highly collectivize in time and space.更多还原