基于红外热波相位法的燃气管道缺陷机载检测装置研究

【作者】 王卓；

【导师】 张云伟；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 测试计量技术及仪器， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 针对城市现有埋地燃气管网的老化和检修问题,采用管道机器人在管内进行在线在役的无损检测成为主流,管道机器人的研究也得到广泛展开,但是目前可被管道机器人携带进入管道、能与机器人配套使用的管道内部缺陷检测装置还非常缺乏。查阅分析大量现有研究文献和成果后,经过综合分析和对比后确定以红外热波相位法为主要检测方法,以电涡流为主动热激励的方法。通过分析热波理论与传导模型、红外辐射与红外热成像技术以及涡流热激励技术,总结出红外热波相位管道缺陷检测方法,以用于解决管道缺陷检测装置设计中的红外成像仪选择、算法实现、硬件组成等相关问题,同时对缺陷定量分析起到重要的指导作用,并在此基础上设计制作了热波相位法检测装置的电子部分,并最终实现了运行程序。为配合管道机器人搭载,管道应用环境、机器人载荷能力、装置通过性也得到讨论,并且通过讨论得出了设计检测装置机械结构的基本要求。通过选择和计算红外热像仪及其参数后,最终设计了检测装置的机械结构。依据实际管道缺陷,设计并加工了用于获取缺陷检测模型和验证用的模拟管道缺陷试件,并且依据测试需要,设计了交叉对照组,然后利用设计制作的检测装置,对缺陷试件进行检测试验。获得大量热相位图像数据后,通过数据分析发现,缺陷与图像非缺陷区域间灰度均值的差值随缺陷深度值的变化而变化,二者呈单值对应关系,且具有较好的线性度。利用这一规律,通过实验数据拟合建立了缝隙型和类圆型缺陷的缺陷深度检测模型,实验测试显示所建立的模型具有一定的检测精度。中国地下管道总长度年年增长,老旧管道带来的安全隐患亟需排除,管道机器人搭载的在线式管道无损探伤技术也将被更加迫切需要,预警并降低由于管道泄漏造成的事故率以减少甚至消除人员和经济损失,这具有很大的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 For the problem of aging and overhauling existing underground gas pipelines in cities,the use of pipeline robots to perform on-line or in-service non-destructive testing has become the mainstream.The research on pipeline robots has also been widely carried out.But there is a lack of defect inspection devices for use with robots who can be carried into pipelines and energy by robots.After reading a bunch of existing literature and results,and comprehensive analyzes to determine the main detection method,which is a method of infrared thermal wave with eddy current thermal excitation.By analyzing thermal wave theory and conduction model,infrared radiation and infrared thermal imaging technology,and eddy current thermal excitation technology,a detection method of infrared thermal wave phase pipeline defects is summarized.The method guides selecting infrared imager,hardware implement and designing algorithm in the pipeline defect detection device and other related issues.The study,meanwhile playing an important role in the quantitative analysis of defects,and based on this,the electronic part of the thermal wave phase detection device is designed,and ultimately to achieve the operating program.The robot is equipped with inspection device,in pipe application environment,the robot load capacity,it is also obtained by means discussed.And discussed obtained by the mechanical structure of the basic design requirements of the detection means.After selecting and calculating the infrared thermal imager and its parameters,the mechanical structure of the detection device was finally designed.According to the actual pipeline defects,the simulated pipeline defect specimens used to obtain the defect detection model and verification were designed and processed,and a cross-control group was designed according to the testing requirements.Then,the defect specimens were tested using the designed detection device.After obtaining a large amount of thermal phase image data,it is found through data analysis that the difference between the gray mean value of the defect and the non-defect region of the image changes with the change of the depth value of the defect.The two have a singlevalued correspondence and have a good linearity..Using this law,by fitting the experimental data to establish a depth of the flaw detection model type and slit type circular defects,display model experimental tests have established certain detection accuracy.The total length of underground pipelines in China is increasing year by year.The safety hazards posed by old pipelines urgently need to be eliminated.Online pipeline non-destructive testing technology carried by pipeline robots will also be more urgently needed.Early warning and reduction of accident rates due to pipeline leakage will be reduced.Even eliminating people and economic losses is of great significance.更多还原