【作者】 张丽；

【导师】 肖开容；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 中国古代法律典籍英译是将中国传统法律思想、法律文化推向世界的主要途径。虽然经过多年的发展,中国典籍英译已取得很大进展,但当前学界对中国古代法律典籍的英译问题关注尚少,法律典籍中法律术语的工具型与文献型翻译取向与法律效力问题甚少被提及。对中国古代法律典籍中法律术语英译的研究不仅能拓宽法律语言学的研究范围,对我国法律典籍翻译实践亦有裨益,还将促进我国经典文化、经典法学思想之海外传播。鉴于此,本文选择作为封建法典集大成者的《大清律例》及产生了深远影响的小斯当东和威廉琼斯两个英译本作为研究对象,聚焦居于法典核心地位的法律术语及其英译,对比分析两个英译本在法律术语翻译方面的异同及影响因素。本文基于法律典籍翻译的特点以及存在的问题,选取术语一致与不一致理论和工具型翻译与文献型翻译理论为框架展开研究。本文将所选取术语围绕刑事、民商事、诉讼制度与程序性法律、基础法律及封建法律四方面,分别进行定性及定量对比分析,对译者翻译策略的选取进行讨论,借用工具型和文献型翻译的理论展开深入分析,并从社会文化因素、译者身份、翻译目的等方面对两位译者的翻译策略选取原因进行分析。通过以上研究,本文发现,法律术语原文与与译文之间的共性与差异不仅体现了不同法律体系以及法律发展过程中的共性,也反映出不同法律体系以及法律发展过程中的特异之处。对比分析发现,小斯当东的译本无论在译文措词的选取还是从翻译的社会文化背景、译者目的、译者身份来看,均可归于工具型翻译,而威廉琼斯的译本通过同样的维度来考察则可归于文献型翻译,其价值更多是作为西方学界研究中国古代法律的参考资料。本文的研究还表明,对法律典籍中的法律术语进行工具型翻译应为更为妥当的策略,因工具型翻译对法律效力以及文本功能给予了更多关注。相较于文献型翻译而言,工具型翻译不仅对法律典籍的翻译更有指导意义,也对法律典籍翻译的理论研究有所启示。在实践当中,工具型翻译主要采用诸如借用功能对等词、借用中性术语进行描述性复述或定义等翻译策略。在理论研究中,对法律典籍中法律术语的分析应考虑法律效力这一重要因素。未来的中国古代法律典籍英译研究可在诸如文本特征、非语言成分等方面进一步拓展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Translating Chinese legal classics into English is one of the major means to promote traditional Chinese legal thoughts and legal culture to the world.Although the translation studies of Chinese classics have made great progress through years of development,the translation of Chinese legal classics fails to receive due share of attention.And fewer scholars concern themselves with the problem of legal effect of translation of Chinese legal classics or give consideration to the instrumental and documentary orientation in the translation of Chinese legal classics.The study of the translation of legal terminology in ancient Chinese legal classics will not only broaden the research scope of Forensic Linguistics,but also benefit the future translation practice of Chinese legal classics,and more importantly,contribute to the publicity of the traditional Chinese legal culture and legal thoughts.In view of this,this thesis takes the legal terminology in Da Qing Lü Li and its two translations as the research objects,combines the theory of congruence and incongruence and the theory of instrumental and documentary translation and presents a comparative analysis of the typical terminology in criminal law,civil law,procedural law and basic and feudal law.At the same time,this thesis analyzes the different choice of translation strategies of the translators from aspects of social factors,translator identity,and purpose of translation.It is found that the similarities and differences between translations of legal terminology can not only reflect the similarities but also the differences of different legal systems and legal development processes.From the above analysis mainly concerning the diction,social background,identity of translator and purpose of translation,it is found that Staunton’s translation can be attributed to instrumental translation,which takes legal effect of the terminology into consideration,and William Jones’ s translation can be attributed to documentary translation,which aims at keeping some aspects of the original code unchanged and at the same time adds some useful annotations for the convenience of researchers.Staunton’s translation directly entered the judicial practice.And William Jones’ s translation received high status and became one of the three basic materials for westerns to learn about traditional Chinese law.The findings of the thesis imply that it would be more appropriate to conduct instrumental translation in the translation of legal terminology in legal classics,since an instrumental translation would pay more attention to the legal effect and the function of the texts.Instrumental translation can provide more specific guidance in actual translation practices,and such translation strategies as borrowing functional equivalents and employing neutral terms for descriptive paraphrases or definition are suggested to be employed during the translation.In theoretical research,the analysis of legal terminology in legal classics should also consider the factor of legal effect of the terminology although the code is no longer effective.At the same time,this thesis also suggests that further research can be conducted on textual or non-verbal aspects of legal documents.更多还原