【作者】 杜冰；

【导师】 陈颀；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 法学（政治、经济与法律）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 埃德蒙·柏克(1729-1797)是西方政治思想史上重要的思想家,被誉为“保守主义之父”。实质代表制(Virtual Representation)是柏克代表制思想的核心内容,也是代表理论谱系的重要组成部分,对于理解西方的代议制政府和政党政治具有重要的学术意义。目前无论在西方学术界还是国内学术界,对实质代表制思想的研究成果偏少,现有的研究也缺乏向后叙事,未能完整诠释柏克代表制思想的学术价值及其政治影响。本研究尝试以剑桥史学派“语境主义”的研究方法为进路,在18世纪的社会背景与历史语境之下,对埃德蒙·柏克的实质代表制思想进行分析和评介,论证柏克实质代表制背后的基本思想脉络:柏克寄希望实质代表,维持君主、贵族与平民三者之间的平衡,捍卫英国宪制的传统,解决国内外的政治经济危机。在第一章,进行了系统的文献综述,对代表的定义及理论谱系进行简要地梳理;对国内外关于柏克政治思想的研究进行回顾;并对目前有关柏克实质代表制的研究进行完整的分析与综述。在第二章,以“语境主义”为研究进路,来考察实质代表制。柏克所处的时代,在英王乔治三世的统治之下,面临着“议会危机”;而在北美殖民地,面临着“宪制危机”。在现实层面,柏克在布里斯托尔市面临着竞选议员的压力。这些情境都与英国的“代表”问题有着密切的关联,促使柏克对代表理论产生更为深刻的思考。在第三章,考察柏克的实质代表制思想中的一些基本要素。依照柏克的观点,实质代表的最佳人选是自然贵族,而代表与选民的关系是一种信托关系,实质代表所体现的政治构想与柏克的政党观紧密联系起来。这些要素将实质代表制与英国宪制问题相结合,与柏克所强调的维持君主、贵族与平民之间平衡,捍卫英国宪制传统的基本观点一脉相承。在第四章,主要探讨实质代表制的意义和启示。首先,实质代表制对北美独立时期和美国制宪时期有关代表制的争论产生了重要的影响;此外,本文尝试回应学者皮特金和张福建的有关实质代表制的部分观点,来评述实质代表制对英国议会政治的重要影响,探讨实质代表制的意义及启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 Edmund Burke(1729-1797)is an important ideologist in the intellectual history of western political thought,who is known as the “Father of Conservatism”.Virtual Representation is the core content of Burke’s representative theory,and it is also a significant portion of the theoretical pedigree of Representation.It is of great academic significance to understand the representative government and party politics in the western history.At present,no matter in western academic circles or domestic academic circles,there are few research achievements on Virtual Representation,and the existing research also lacks backward narration,failing to fully explain the academic value and political influence of Burke’s representative system thought.This study attempts to take the research method of historical faction’s “contextualism” of the Cambridge historical school as the way forward.In a more authentic historical context framework,this paper analyzes and comments on Edmund Burke’s theory of Virtual Representation,and demonstrates the basic thinking behind Burke’s system of Virtual Representation.That is,Burke places hope on the virtual representative,maintaining the balance between monarchy,aristocracy and common people,to defend the tradition of British constitutional system and solve the political and economic crisis at home and abroad.In the first chapter,a systematic literature review is carried out,and the definition and theoretical pedigree of representation are briefly sorted out.To review the research on Burke’s political thought at home and abroad;this research also analyzes and summarizes the current research on Burke’s Virtual Representation.In the second chapter,it takes “contextualism” as the research approach to investigate the system of Virtual Representation.Burke lived in a time of “parliamentary crisis” under King GeorgeⅢ.In the American colonies,there was a constitutional crisis.On a practical level,Burke is under pressure to run for congress in Bristol.These situations are closely related to the problem of “representation”,which prompts Burke to think more deeply about the theory of representation.In the third chapter,some basic elements of Burke’s thought of Virtual Representation are investigated.According to Burke,the best candidate for the virtual representative is the natural aristocracy,while the relationship between the representative and the voters is a trusteeship.The political concept embodied by the virtual representative is closely related to Burke’s view on party.These elements combine Virtual Representation with the issue of British constitutional system,consistent with Burke’s emphasis on maintaining the balance between monarch,aristocracy and commoner and safeguarding the British constitutional tradition.In the fourth chapter,the significance and enlightenment of Virtual Representation are discussed.First of all,the system of Virtual Representation had an important influence on the debate about representation in the independent period of North America and the constitutional period of the United States.In addition,this paper attempts to respond to the views of Hanna Fenichel Pitkin and Zhang Fujian on substantive representative system,to comment on the important influence of Virtual Representative system on British parliamentary politics,and to explore the significance and enlightenment of Virtual Representative system.更多还原