【作者】 周超；

【导师】 夏世斌；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 城市化发展,带来经济增长的同时也带来了诸多负面效应:城市扩张,人口剧增,城市水资源压力越来越大;城市规模愈来愈大,硬质化下垫面也逐渐增多,雨水难以下渗,严重影响了自然的水文循环,继而引发城市内涝,城市内陆湖泊雨水径流污染严重,地下水位下降等许多生态环境问题。雨水作为一种自然水资源,具有非耗竭性、水质较为干净、处理简易等诸多优点。因此,本文就在这一背景下对城市雨水利用中屋面雨水利用这一课题进行研究。收集分析了大量国内外参考资料和最新的研究成果,在此基础上确立了本研究的技术路线:首先对研究区域—武汉市从水文、气象、地质等方面进行全面调查分析;以武汉理工大学资环学院环工楼阳光房中试基地作为实验场地进行本区域的屋面雨水水质特征研究;在水质研究数据基础上,设计了本研究屋面雨水净化系统装置和试验方案;在实际工况中,对装置进行了运行试验研究。主要试验成果和结论如下:(1)总结多年气象数据显示,研究区域武汉是降雨较为丰富型城市,年均降雨量达到1285mm,但季节性差异明显,多雨季节分布在3~8月份,其中5~7月份雨量最为充沛;(2)通过对研究区域屋面水质特性进行研究发现:屋面径流污染物含量变化幅度大,水质不稳定,浓度随着降雨时间的延伸而逐渐削减并趋于稳定;降雨前1~2h内,屋面雨水中污染最为严重,即初期雨水径流由于雨水冲刷效应及与大气中污染物结合带入污染物量达到最大;初期屋面雨水污染较为严重,SS、浊度、COD、TN、TP各项指标均值分别为44.13 mg/L、32.6 NTU、35.08 mg/L、9.1 mg/L、0.6 mg/L,均值尚不满足《地表水环境质量标准》中Ⅴ类水要求,峰值更是超过Ⅴ类水要求三倍之多,也不满足《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》基本要求,无法做到直接回用;后期屋面雨水污染显著减轻,SS、浊度、COD、TN、TP各项指标均值分别为15.35 mg/L、8.26 NTU、17.27 mg/L、5.9 mg/L、0.3 mg/L,各项指标基本达到Ⅲ类~Ⅳ类水要求,但TN仍明显超标;(3)根据对研究区域屋面水质特性研究基础上,通过方案的比选,充分融入低影响开发(LID)思想,确立了采用雨水湿地/ACF(Activated Carbon Fiber,活性炭纤维素)过滤的动态组合方式对初期和后期屋面雨水进行分流式处理;(4)通过对装置进行实际运行试验研究发现:采用的雨水湿地/ACF过滤组合净化工艺对初期屋面径流处理效果为,SS平均去除率为82.36%,COD为57.13%,TN为80.41%,TP为63.31%,出水指标中SS已经达到城市杂用水水质标准中作为生活杂用水的标准,COD、TN、TP已基本达到中Ⅲ类地表水要求;采用直接ACF过滤工艺对后期屋面径流处理效果为:SS去除达到42.51%,COD达到17.55%,TN、TP去除率分别为54.87%和23.33%,经过ACF过滤后SS、COD、TN、TP各项指标分别为11.53 mg/L、13.21 mg/L、1.4 mg/L、0.18 mg/L,由于后期屋面雨水本身较为干净,基本具备直接回用条件,所以,去除效果不十分明显,对水质提升幅度较初期雨水较小,采用ACF过滤是为进一步提升水质,满足更高要求。总体来说,经过ACF过滤吸附后,后期屋面径流水质有了更进一步提升,各项指标基本达到Ⅲ类地表水标准,其中有些指标甚至达到Ⅰ、Ⅱ类水水质指标限值,完全可以作为生活回用水。更多还原

【Abstract】 Urbanization has brought economic growth but also negative effects: urban sprawl,and population growth,increasing pressure on urban water resources;city size get bigger,hardened underlay surface gradually increase,rainwater infiltration become difficult,serious affect the natural hydrological cycle,cause spark urban waterlogging,urban stormwater runoff pollution flow into inland lakes,and groundwater level decline and other ecological problems.Rain water as natural resources with advantages of non-depletion,cleaner water,simple handling and so on.The utilization of urban rainwater in roof rainwater harvesting was investigated in the study.A large number of reference materials and the latest research results analyzed and the technical route of this study was established: First,a full investigation in terms of hydrology,meteorology,geology,etc.about the study area-Wuhan was conducted;the roof of sun room in Resource and Environment College of Wuhan University of Technology was used as the testing ground for the study of water quality characteristics of roof rainwater in this region;the roof rainwater purification system equipment and pilot programs we designed base on the water quality study;the experimental study of the device operation in actual working conditions.The main test results and conclusions are summarized as follows:(1)Concluded many years of meteorological data show that the study area Wuhan is abundant rainfall city,the average annual rainfall reaches 1285 mm,but seasonal differences are significant,the rainy season is spread from March to August,from May to July in which rainfall is most abundant;(2)Study of the regional water quality characteristics found: The roof runoff pollutant content changed much,the water quality was unstable,with the rainfall extending,the pollutant concentration of rainwater reduced and become stable gradually;Former rain within 1~2 h,roofing rainwater pollution was more serious,that the initial storm water runoff due to rain erosion effects and combined with atmospheric pollutants made the pollutants into the maximum;Initial roof stormwater pollution was more serious,SS,Turbidity,COD,TN,TP mean to 44.13 mg/L,32.6 NTU,35.08 mg/L,9.1 mg/L,0.6 mg/L,respectively,not reached the “Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards" Ⅴ class water requirements,the peak was more than Ⅴ class water requirements three times,did not meet the "Reuse of Recycling Water for Urban Water Quality Standard for Urban Miscellaneous Water Consumption" the basic requirements,can not be reused directly;Later roof rainwater pollution reduced significantly,SS,Turbidity,COD,TN,TP mean to 15.35 mg/L,8.26 NTU,17.27 mg/L,5.9 mg/L,0.3 mg/L,respectively,the indicators reach Ⅲ~Ⅳ class water requirements basically,but TN still exceeded more;(3)Based on the study of the roofing quality characteristics,according to comparing the alternatives,and full integrated of low-impact development(LID),established the craft of rainwater wetland/ACF(Activated Carbon Fiber)filter dynamic combination,treated the initial stormwater runoff and late rainwater runoff,respectively;(4)The experiment on actual operation of the device that used the craft of rainwater wetland /ACF filter to treat the initial stormwater runoff,the average removal rate of SS was 82.36%,COD 57.13%,TN 80.41%,TP 63.31%,the effluent index of SS had reached the "Reuse of Recycling Water for Urban Water Quality Standard for Urban Miscellaneous Water Consumption" as domestic miscellaneous water standard,COD,TN,TP had reached the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" in class III water requirements basically;ACF by direct filtration process on late roof runoff treatment effect: SS removal reached 42.51%,COD reached 17.55%,the removal rate of TN、TP were 54.87% and 23.33%.After ACF filter,SS,COD,TN,TP indexes were 11.53 mg/L,13.21 mg/L,1.4 mg/L,0.18 mg/L,respectively,due to the late roof rainwater itself was clean relatively,had recycling conditions basically,so removal effect was not very obvious,lifting amplitude was litter compared with the initial rainwater smaller on water quality,using ACF filter was to improve the water quality more,mete the higher requirements,in general,after the ACF adsorption filtration,late roof runoff quality have further enhancing,the indicators reached III class surface water standards,which some indicators even reached class I and II water quality index limits,can be as an urban miscellaneous water.更多还原