【作者】 李平；

【导师】 马登成；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 机械工程（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国交通事业的发展,高速公路的数量不断增多,与此同时为了改善高速公路上的噪音,声屏障应运而生,但是随着时间的推移,声屏障被空气尾气、雨水污染的越来越脏,这样不仅影响美观,而且影响行车安全,但是目前常见的声屏障清洗方式主要有人工清洗和借助洒水车所配高压水清洗,人工清洗工作强度大,清洗效率低,高压水清洗洁净度不高且浪费水资源,而国外进口的专用清洗设备价格高昂,给落后地区的公路养护企业带来额外的经济负担。另外随着高速公路里程数的延长,公路隧道越来越多,隧道内的环境好坏,也影响着美观与行车安全,所以需要对隧道内壁进行清洗、维护。而目前市场上对这类具备综合功能的清洗养护设备的需求量巨大。隧道壁与声屏障综合清洗车正是针对上述问题提出的一种既能对高速公路声屏障清洗又能对隧道壁面清洗,同时兼顾城市道路隔篱栏、高速公路防抛网等附属设施清洗的可降低企业购置设备费用的综合清洗设备。本文的研究工作主要包括以下几方面:1.基于隧道壁与声屏障综合清洗车工作装置的功能特点和技术要求,确定了该清洗车的工作装置方案,根据该工作装置的各个工况,完成液压系统原理图;2.对液压系统中主要液压元件进行匹配计算,确定系统压力、液压缸缸径、马达扭矩、定量泵排量等参数,完成各主要元件的选型;3.利用AMESim软件建立了清洗车液压系统中各种阀以及液压系统的模型,对主要液压元件进行参数设置并对液压系统进行仿真分析;4.设计隧道壁与声屏障综合清洗车的作业水路,包括确定整个装置水路流量、水泵所需功率、喷头喷射角度以及水管管路直径,并分析整个管路的沿程阻力损失;5.对工作装置的避障系统进行了设计,包括检测装置和控制装置两部分,使得在清洗过程中能够自动检测障碍物并及时避让障碍物,以提高清洗设备的自动化程度和安全可靠性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of China’s transportation industry,the construction of expressway is increasing.Meanwhile,in order to improve the noise on Expressway,the sound barrier arises at the historic moment.But as time goes on,the sound barrier is polluted more and more by air exhaust and rainwater.This will not only affect the beauty of the sound barrier,but also affect the safety of driving.However,the most common ways to clean the sound barrier are manual cleaning and high-pressure water washing by sprinkler.However,this way of cleaning not only increases the working intensity and efficiency of the cleaning workers,but also causes the waste of resources and endangers the health of workers.In addition,along with the extension of the mileage of expressway,there are more and more highway tunnels.The environment in the tunnel also affects the beauty of the tunnel and the safety of driving,so we need to clean and maintain the inner wall of the tunnel.At present,there is a huge demand for this kind of cleaning and maintenance equipment with comprehensive functions in the market.The sound barrier and tunnel comprehensive cleaning equipment are aimed at the above problems,which is a device that can not only wash the noise barrier of the expressway,but also can wash the wall of the highway tunnel.At the same time,it can also automatically clean ancillary facilities such as urban road isolation fence,expressway anti dropping net and so on,so as to realize one machine with multiple functions and reduce the cost of equipment purchase by enterprises.The research work of this paper mainly includes the following aspects:1.Based on the functional characteristics and technical requirements of the sound barrier and the tunnel cleaning vehicle,the working scheme of the cleaning vehicle is determined.The schematic diagram of the hydraulic system is designed according to the working conditions of the working device.2.Completing matching calculationof main hydraulic components in the hydraulic system,determining the system hydraulic pressure,cylinder diameter,motor torque,quantitative pump displacement and other parameters and completing the selection of the main elements.3.The AMESim model of various valves and the AMESim model of hydraulic system are established,the parameters of main hydraulic components are set up,and the hydraulic system is simulated and analyzed.4.The water route is designed,including determining the entire device’s water flow,the required power source pump,sprinkler head and water pipe line and analyzing the resistance loss along the whole pipeline.5.The obstacle avoidance system of the working device is designed,including two parts,the detection device and the control device,so that during the cleaning process,it can detect obstacles automatically and avoid obstacles in time,so as to improve the automation and safety reliability of the cleaning equipment.更多还原