【作者】 陈勇；

【导师】 向华； 陈国华；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 机械工程， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 高效高精是现代制造业的主要发展趋势,制造装备的精密程度在很大程度的影响了制造业的发展。误差补偿技术是提高数控机床精度的主要手段之一,误差的高精度测量则是其必要前提。对于目前采用最多的21项误差综合补偿模式,由于测量项多且未考虑机床本身的弹性变形,因此实用效果有限。基于此本文提出了一种基于激光干涉仪测量机床全行程空间位置误差的方法。相比于常用的激光跟踪仪测空间误差,本方法具有位置精度更高的优点。本方法通过两个90°转向镜,可实现测量激光束在机床全行程空间内任意移动,从而测出预先给定的空间点阵上每点的位置误差。利用这些数据提出了基于三元三次多项式拟合和最小单元体插值算法的两类预测模型。其中在测量方案的设计中,提出了两端差值控制的对光方法,对各测量部件采用长连杆加磁座的装夹方式。在模型的建立中,基于三次多项式拟合模型,提出了局部拟合的改进方式,基于线性插值模型,提出了线性插值与三次Hermite插值组合的插值算法。最后采用本测法实测测量点阵上的位置误差,通过线性插值模型预测验证点阵上的位置误差,实测验证点阵上的位置误差,对比预测值于实测值的差值,采用均值、均方差等指标评价最小单元体线性插值模型的预测精度。根据实验结果,一种基于激光干涉仪的机床全行程空间误差测量方法能很好地测出机床全行程空间的位置误差。更多还原

【Abstract】 High efficiency is the main trend of modern manufacturing industry,and the precision of manufacturing equipment has greatly influenced the development of manufacturing industry.Error compensation technology is one of the main means to improve the precision of nc machine tool.For the most current 21 error compensation models,the practical effect is limited because the measurement items are more than the elastic deformation of the machine itself.Based on this paper,a method for measuring the position error of total travel space of machine tools based on laser interferometer is presented.Compared with the commonly used laser tracker,this method has the advantage of higher position accuracy.This method by two 90°steering mirror,it can realize measurement of laser beam in the full machine stroke space any move,to determine in advance the given space lattice on each point position error.Two kinds of prediction models based on cubic polynomial fitting and minimum unit interpolation algorithm are proposed.In the design of the measurement scheme,the light method of difference control is put forward,and the clamping mode of long connecting rod and magnetic bearing is adopted for each measuring part.In the model,based on the cubic polynomial fitting model,put forward the improvement of local fitting,based on linear interpolation model,put forward the linear interpolation and the interpolation of three combinations of Hermite interpolation algorithm.Final measurement by this method the measured position error on the lattice,validation on the lattice by using a linear interpolation model to predict the location of the error of the measured position error on the lattice,compare the forecast in the difference between the measured values,the mean value and mean square deviation index to evaluate the smallest unit body linear interpolation prediction precision of the model.According to the experimental results,the error measurement method of the total travel space of the machine tool based on laser interferometer can measure the position error of the whole travel space.更多还原