【作者】 于辉；

【导师】 陈军； 姜文吉；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 材料工程（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 焊缝具有力学性能高、密封性能好、生产效率高等优点,应用在船舶制造业已经很长时间。船用钢在焊接时,由于各种因素会使焊缝内部和表面形成焊接缺陷,这些缺陷会严重影响焊缝的力学性能,甚至会影响船舶航行的安全。相控阵超声检测由于自身的特点,可以根据焊缝形式调节适合的声束角度和聚焦深度使得声束覆盖全部焊缝截面,检测速度和检测效率都很高。而且由于检测灵敏度高和结果直观,可用图像显示缺陷并且可以得到准确的定量信息等优点,已经应用于石油工业、电力工业、航天航空工业的检测。然而由于船舶结构的特殊性,相控阵超声检测技术在船舶制造中监控焊接质量的应用起步较慢,没有得到广泛的应用。为了适应高速的生产效率和减少检测成本,采用相控阵检测技术在船舶建造的过程中对焊接质量的控制势在必行。本文根据船厂常用的焊接方法设计制作了含裂纹、未焊透、未熔合、气孔、和夹渣缺陷的试板。首先利用射线检测方法对试板进行拍片,对缺陷进行长度测量和定性。其次利用常规超声波检测对试板进行扫查,对缺陷测长和定量。最后利用相控阵超声对试板进行扫查,得到相控阵检测图像和数据。通过将不同的扫描形式和焊缝图像的3D显示相结合,研究不同的典型缺陷在相控阵超声检测所呈现出的图像特征,表明相控阵超声的检测结果与射线检测结果吻合度很高,总结出船厂焊缝常见的五种典型缺陷特征并且经过船厂现场实际检测测试,验证了相控阵超声检测的可靠性,为相控阵超声检测方法在船舶行业的推广应用提供有力的支持与帮助。更多还原

【Abstract】 Welding has been used in shipbuilding industry for a long time because of its high mechanical property,high production efficiency and good sealing performance.But defects formed inside and on surface during hull steel welding seriously affect mechanical properties so that cause safety problems during ships’ navigation.Phased array ultrasonic testing technology could test the whole section of weld seam by adjusting the sound beam angle and focus depth.For its advantages of efficiency,accuracy and audio-visual display,it has been used in various industries including petrol,electric and space industry.However,due to the particularity of ship structure,the application of phased array ultrasonic testing technology started late and developed slow in ship manufacturing.In order to increase efficiency and reduce cost,phased array ultrasonic testing technology is imperative to use to control the welding quality during the shipbuilding process.This article describes designing on detections of different situations in several common welding methodology,such like weld seam containing crack,incomplete penetration,lack of fusion,porosity and slag.Firstly,the test plates were photographed using radiographic testing,and the length of the defect was measured and quantified.Then the conventional ultrasonic testing was used to scan the test plates and measure the length and quantify the defect.Finally,the test plates were scanned with phased array ultrasonic,and the image and data of the phased array detection were obtained.Combining different scan patterns with 3D display of weld seam images,the images characteristics of different typical defects in the phased array ultrasonic testing are studied,the article indicates that the typical defects obtained by phased array ultrasonic testing are highly coincided with the radiographic testing results.The article also summarized five typical characteristics of weld defects in the shipyard welding.And through the actual inspection and testing in the shipyard,the reliability of phased array ultrasonic testing has been verified,which provided strong support and assistance for phased array ultrasonic testing in the shipbuilding industry.更多还原