【作者】 张鹏；

【导师】 董恩源；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 电气工程（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会经济水平的不断提高,用户对电网供电稳定性提出了更高的要求。作为电网中核心的保护设备,高压断路器承担着快速去除故障的重要责任。根据灭弧介质的不同,常见的断路器一般分成SF6断路器和真空断路器。近年来随着人们绿色供电意识的提高,更为环保、电寿命更长的真空断路器将朝着更高电压等级发展。在当下制造技术及加工精度逐渐成熟的基础之上,126kV单断口真空灭弧室已经研制成功。因此对于高压断路器的驱动核心,需要一种长行程、出力大的操动机构与126kV单断口真空灭弧室相匹配。永磁操动机构是当下中低压系统中使用最为广泛的电磁机构,但由于其退磁特性,使得其无法应用于长行程的断路器中。而磁力机构作为一种新兴起的操动机构,采用安培力驱动的动作原理,结构简单,性能稳定,且具有出力大、行程长等优点。因此本文提出并设计了一种适配126kV单断口真空断路器的新型长行程磁力操动机构,同时这也是国内第一次将磁力机构用于126kV电压等级的系统之中。为满足126kV真空断路器对操动机构的要求,本文设计的磁力机构需满足体积小、出力大、控制电流小、刚分速度大于3m/s的设计需求。在以往研究中,新型磁力机构的优化设计大多是定性地分析影响其特性的因素,并没有定量地确定其参数同时设计出完整机构产品。利用Ansoft Maxwell仿真软件对126kV磁力机构结构参数进行仿真设计,在体积尽量小的情况下通过调整辅助永磁体排列方式、改变气隙厚度等方法提高了机构合闸保持力;并采用提高合闸保持力的方案有效提高了机构的刚分速度且控制电流满足设计要求;比较了电容电压、线圈匝数、分闸弹簧等参数对磁力机构速度特性的影响,并在此基础上进行了参数选定。仿真结果显示,本文设计的126kV磁力操动机构具有良好的操作特性,且满足126kV真空断路器对操动机构的性能需求。本文在仿真的基础上,研制了126kV新型磁力机构样机,并对机构进行了分合闸测试及弹跳问题的调试,最后顺利通过了型式试验。试验表明本文设计的126kV磁力机构具有很好的动作特性,并且与仿真结果有较高的一致性。文末笔者在现有课题的基础上,探究了两种不同形式的新型磁力机构模型,为磁力机构的发展提供了更多的可能性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of the socio-economic level,users have put forward new requirements for the power supply stability of the power grid.As one of the most important devices in the system,the high voltage circuit breaker is responsible for the rapid removal of the fault.According to the difference arc extinguishing media,the high-voltage circuit breaker can be divided into SF₆ circuit breaker and vacuum circuit breaker.In recent years,with the improvement of people’s awareness of green power supply,the vacuum circuit breaker with more environmental protection and longer service life will develop towards higher voltage levels.On the basis of the manufacturing technology and the processing precision of the arc extinguishing chamber,the 126kV single break vacuum interrupter has been developed successfully.Therefore,as the core of the high voltage circuit breaker,a long stroke and large output actuator is required to match the 126kV single break vacuum interrupter.The permanent magnetic actuator is the most widely used electro-magnetic actuator,but due to its demagnetization characteristics,it can not be used in circuit breakers with long stroke.The Electro Magnetic Force Actuator,as a new type of actuator with the ampere force driving,has the advantages of simple structure,stable performance,powerful output and long stroke.Thus,this paper proposed and designed a new type of long stroke EMFA for 126kV single break vacuum circuit breaker,which is also the first EMFA applied to 126kV voltage level.In order to meet the requirements of 126kV vacuum circuit breaker for actuator,the EMFA designed in this paper needs to meet the design requirements of small volume,large output,small control current and rigid speed greater than 3m/s.In previous studies,most of the optimization design of EMFA is qualitatively analyze the factors affecting its characteristics,and not quantitatively determining its parameters while designing a complete product.Ansoft Maxwell simulation software was used to simulate the structural parameters of the 126kV EMFA,and the closing force of the EMFA was improved by changing the arrangement of auxiliary permanent magnets and the thickness of air gap when the volume was as small as possible.And by increasing the closing force makes opening speed at the separating instant of contact of the EMFA improved significantly and meet the current control design requirements;The influence of the electrical parameters such as charging capacitance and driving coil turns on the dynamic characteristics of the EMFA was analyzed,and on this basis,the parameters were selected.The simulation results show that the EMFA of 126kV single break vacuum circuit breaker designed in this paper has good operation characteristics and meets the characteristic requirements of 126kV vacuum circuit breaker.Based on the simulation,a new type of 126kV EMFA prototype has been developed,the mechanism has been debugged and bouncing,and finally passed the type test.The test shows that the 126kV EMFA designed in this paper has good action characteristics and has a high consistency with the simulation results.At the end of the paper,on the basis of the existing problems,two different types of EMFA model are proposed,which provides more possibilities for the development of the EMFA.更多还原