【作者】 张晓宇；

【导师】 李彦军；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 动力工程及工程热物理， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 船用大扰动供汽系统中锅炉向蓄热器充汽过程间歇、瞬时流量大,属于典型的非稳态系统,安全、稳定、经济运行是关键。如何综合评估供汽系统性能,继而给出充汽时间、压力稳定性、经济性等指标的合理范围是船用供汽系统设计的难点。同时,船用供汽系统实际运行时,由于任务需求、使用工况、边界条件多变,如何确定安全有效的运行模式是另一难点。因此,开展船用供汽系统综合性能与运行模式仿真研究对供汽设计及实际运行具有重要的指导意义。本文借助GSE仿真软件建立了船用供汽系统仿真模型,并利用实测数据对仿真模型进行校验。在此基础上,仿真计算得出阀门特性、控制规律、阀门类型、蓄热器初始条件对供汽系统性能的影响规律,实现满足充汽时间、压力稳定性、经济性的综合评估。同时,仿真研究三蓄热器交叉充放汽、三蓄热器无时间间隔交替充放汽、三蓄热器有时间间隔交替充放汽、用汽量不同时三蓄热器交替充放汽、旁通回收系统故障时三蓄热器交替充放汽,给出了船用供汽系统可行的运行模式。分析仿真结果得出:单独满足充汽时间、压力稳定性、经济性以及同时满足3个指标时阀门特性、控制参数、阀门类型、蓄热器初始条件合理的范围。三蓄热器交叉与交替两种充放汽模式相比,三蓄热器交叉充放汽有充汽速度快、稳定性较好、经济性较好特点,6次充汽时间101.9秒、供汽母管压力波动0.062MPa、燃油消耗量194.15kg、同时具有较好的工质利用率。三蓄热器交替充放汽时,无时间间隔交替比有时间间隔交替充汽时间短、燃油消耗量小、旁通蒸汽量小,工质利用率大,但压力波动差异不大。用汽量不同时三蓄热器充放汽压力波动较大,供汽母管压力波动为0.101MPa,当三蓄热器状态不一致时充放汽,主要表现为充汽时间变长,燃油消耗量增大,6次充汽时间为131.1s,燃油消耗量为248.92kg。旁通回收系统故障时三蓄热器交替充放汽,无时间间隔交替充放汽时供汽母管压力波动0.575MPa、汽包压力波动0.306MPa,此时压力波动情况危及到供汽系统安全性。有时间间隔交替充放汽时供汽母管压力波动0.726MPa、汽包压力波动0.436MPa,此时压力波动情况易于引起供汽系统运行崩溃。通过降低锅炉负荷减小主蒸汽流量的方法能够减小充汽过程压力波动,本文的研究内容为供汽系统设计和安全运行提供一定的指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the marine large disturbance steam supply system,the intermittent and instantaneous flow rate of the boiler during the steam charging process to the regenerator is large,which belongs to the typical unsteady state system,and the key is safety,stability and economic operation.How to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the steam supply system,and then give the reasonable range of the steam charging time,pressure stability,economy and other indicators is the difficulty of marine steam supply system design.At the same time,the actual operation of the marine steam supply system is another difficulty because of the changing mission requirements,working conditions and boundary conditions.Therefore,it is of great significance to carry out the simulation research on the comprehensive performance and operation mode of the marine steam supply system for the design of steam supply and the actual operation.In this paper,the simulation model of marine steam supply system is set up with the aid of GSE simulation software,and the simulation model is checked with the measured data.On this basis,the influence rule of valve characteristics,control law,valve type and initial condition of heat storage on the performance of steam supply system is simulated and calculated,and the comprehensive evaluation of steam charging time,pressure stability and economy is achieved.At the same time,the simulation study of three regenerator cross charge discharge steam accumulator,three time intervals between alternating charge and discharge,three steam accumulator time alternately charge and discharge steam,steam consumption and three accumulator alternately charge and discharge steam,bypass recovery system failure three alternating accumulator charging and discharging steam,given the ship the feasible operation mode of gas supply system.The analysis and simulation results show that the reasonable range of valve performance,control parameter,valve type and initial condition of accumulator can be satisfied by filling time,pressure stability,economy and 3 indexes simultaneously.The three regenerator cross and two kinds of alternate charging and discharging steam mode compared to three accumulator charging and discharging steam with cross filling steam speed,good stability,good economic characteristics,the 6 charging time of 101.9 seconds,the steam supply pipe pressure fluctuation 0.062 MPa,fuel consumption 194.15 kg,and has better utilization of refrigerant.Three,when the accumulator alternates charging and discharging,there is no time interval alternation than time interval,alternately steam charging time is short,fuel consumption is small,bypass steam volume is small,and utilization rate of working fluid is large,but pressure fluctuation has little difference.With the amount of steam at three accumulator charging and discharging steam pressure fluctuations,steam pipe pressure fluctuation is 0.101 MPa,when the three regenerator statedisaccords charging and discharging steam,mainly for charging time,fuel consumption increased 6 times,charging time is 131.1s,the fuel consumption is 248.92 kg.When the bypass recovery system fails,the three accumulator alternates charging and discharging.When there is no time interval alternate charging and discharging,the pressure of the steam supply pipe fluctuates 0.575 MPa and the drum pressure fluctuates 0.306 MPa.At this time,the pressure fluctuation endangers the safety of the steam supply system.When the time interval is alternately charging and discharging,the pressure of the steam supply manifold fluctuates 0.726 MPa and the drum pressure fluctuates 0.436 MPa.At this time,the pressure fluctuation is easy to cause the operation of the steam supply system to collapse.By reducing the boiler load and reducing the main steam flow,the pressure fluctuation during steam charging process can be reduced.The research contents in this paper provide some guidance for the design and safe operation of steam supply system.更多还原