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幼儿美术创作中的游戏精神研究
【作者】 张婷婷；
【导师】 孔起英；
【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 学前教育学， 2018， 硕士
【摘要】 幼儿在美术创作过程中与环境中人事物的互动宛若游戏,幼儿的美术创作中也存在着游戏精神。对幼儿美术创作中的游戏精神加以探究,有助于成人更好地理解幼儿的美术创作并采用更恰当的方式促进幼儿美术创作能力的发展。本文采用文献法对相关文献进行研究,得出游戏精神的核心是自主、创造、和谐。通过运用观察法、作品分析法分别对幼儿的美术创作过程和幼儿美术作品进行观察、分析,发现游戏精神中的自主精神主要表现为幼儿对创作的浓厚兴趣、在创作过程中能够自主选择、专注投入创作并坚持自己的评价标准;创造精神主要表现为充满变化的创作过程以及幼儿在美术作品中对真实生活经验的改造;和谐精神则表现为幼儿在创作中形成的积极的情绪状态、和谐的人际关系以及现实与想象的融通。然而,幼儿园当中不合理的空间布置、时间安排、教师过多的限制以及缺失教师适宜的支持会造成幼儿美术创作中游戏精神的缺失,使幼儿无法从美术创作中获得积极的活动体验。笔者认为,要使幼儿美术创作充满精神,在具体的实践中教师要为幼儿打造一个能够孕育游戏精神的环境。同时教师要积极地与幼儿共享美术创作,通过丰富幼儿生活经验,激发幼儿创作兴趣,陪伴和支持幼儿的创作过程来实现游戏精神的回归。
【Abstract】 During fine art creation,young children interact with people and things around them just like they are playing a game.In fine art creation,there exists the game spirit.Exploring the game spirit will help adults comprehend fine arts of young children and improve young children’s ability in fine art creation in an appropriate manner.This thesis adopts the literature method to explore the game spirit,which leads to the finding that the core of the spirit lies in autonomy,creation and harmony.Through observing and analyzing children’s art creation and the final works,this research concludes that autonomy is mainly demonstrated in young children’s interest in the fine art creation,their free choice,devotion to fine art creation and adherence to their own evaluation criteria.Creation is mainly reflected in their changing creation and the transformation of life experience in their art works.Harmony shows in children’s positive moods,harmonious interpersonal relations and the fusion of reality and imagination during their fine art creation.However,in kindergartens,improper layouts and schedules,much restriction from teachers and the lack of appropriate support will cause the lack of game spirit in young children’s fine art creation.Consequently,children cannot gain positive experience from their fine art creation.To boost game spirit in young children’s fine art creation,teachers,in practice,should build a suitable environment favoring the game spirit.At the same time,teachers should get involved in young children’s fine art activities and stimulate the game spirit by enriching their life experience,increasing children’s interest,supporting and accompanying young children during the their creation.