【作者】 张明智；

【导师】 郭春林； 李红军；

【作者基本信息】 华北电力大学(北京) ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 为了降低化石能源的对外依存度,缓解机动车尾气排放引发的雾霾等环境问题,实现汽车行业的弯道超车,我国已将电动汽车列入七大战略性新兴产业。本文主要从电动汽车智能充放电控制和对电网可靠性的影响两个角度对电动汽车的大规模接入问题进行分析研究。本文首先基于调查统计数据,对集群化电动汽车的充电负荷进行了准确的模拟。然后提出了一种基于价格引导的分布式智能充电控制算法,每辆电动汽车可根据价格信号来决定自身的充电策略以实现收益的最大化,电动汽车代理商则使用本文提出的智能电价和价格序贯更新机制对电动汽车的充电行为进行引导控制,实现削峰填谷的目标。本文提出了一种离散型引力-粒子群(GSA-PSO)混合优化算法来求解每辆车的充电规划问题,该算法结合了 PSO的社会思维和GSA的探索能力,可避免在搜索过程中陷入局部最优点,并加速向全局最优解收敛的速度。针对电动汽车通过V2G技术向电网放电的问题,本文提出了一种集中式电动汽车智能充放电控制算法。电动汽车代理商实时监控所有连接车辆的状态及行为,并通过为每辆受控电动汽车提供实时控制信号来实现成本最小的优化目标。为了解决集中式全局优化搜索空间巨大的维度灾难问题,提出了一种主导矩阵法来对优化搜索空间进行合理缩减,并使用改进粒子群算法对最终的优化问题进行求解。本文基于时序蒙特卡洛模拟仿真法对发电系统可靠性进行了分析评估,特别是分析了电动汽车无序充电对于电网可靠性的影响及提出的智能充电控制算法对于可靠性的改善效果,为电动汽车智能充电算法的评估和分析提供了新的视角。随后在集中式智能充放电控制算法的基础上探讨了集群化电动汽车向电网提供备用服务的可行性及实现原理,提出了一种高效的电动汽车集群备用容量估算方法。之后本文介绍了电力系统运行可靠性的基本概念及分析计算流程,提出了基于改进PJM方法的考虑电动汽车提供备用的运行可靠性分析方法。仿真计算发现系统的机组投运风险具有明显的离散特征,电动汽车集群所提供的备用容量可显著减低系统运行风险,提高安全运行水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to reduce the external dependence of fossil fuels,alleviate the environmental problems such as smog caused by exhaust emissions from gasoline car,and achieve break-through in the automotive industry,China has included electric vehicles into the strategic emerging industries and introduced subsidies for purchases.This article mainly analyzes the large-scale integration problem of electric vehicles from two perspectives.The first is the use of smart charging and discharging control algorithm to guide the behaviors of electric vehicles.The second is to analyze the impact of large-scale integration of electric vehicles on power systm from the perspective of reliability,and explore how to use electric vehicles’ characteristics of flexible and controllable to provide ancillary services for the power system.Based on the survey data and statistical results,this paper first carries out an accurate simulation of the charging load of electric vehicles.Then,a distributed smart charging control algorithm based on price guidance mechanism in a market environment was proposed.Each electric vehicle has enough intelligence and communication capabilities to determine its own charging strategy based on the charging price signal to achieve its own maximize revenue.The electric vehicle aggregator use the smart pricing mechanism and the sequential price update mechanism proposed in this paper to guide the charging behavior of the electric vehicle and achieve the control goal of peak load reduction and valley filling.In this paper,a discrete hybrid GSA-PSO optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the charging planning problem of each vehicle.This algorithm combines the social thinking of the PSO and the exploration capabilities of the GSA,it can avoid the situation that local optimum is trapped in the search process,and accelerates the convergence speed to the global optimal solution,which is very suitable for the scenario that electric vehicles have limited computing power.Aiming at the problem that electric vehicles discharging to the grid through V2G technology,this paper proposes a centralized smart charging/discharging control algorithm for electric vehicles.The algorithm changes the traditional role of electric vehicle as passive load in the distribution network,and then uses its flexibility and controllability to achieve the goal of reducing the peak load of the grid.EV aggregators monitor the status and behavior of all connected EVs in real time,and achieve the cost minimum goal by providing real-time control signals for each controlled EV.In order to solve the problem of dimension disaster caused by the centralized optimization probelm,this paper proposes a dominant matrix method to reduce the search space reasonably,and uses a modified particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the problem.Based on the sequential Monte Carlo simulation method,the reliability of the gener-ation system is analyzed and evaluated.Specifically,the impact of uncontroled charging load of electric vehicles on reliability and the effect of smart charging control algorithm to improve reliability are analyzed,which providea a new perspective for the evaluation and analysis of smart charging algorithms.Based on the operating characteristics of the power system and the controllable characteristics of electric vehicle,the feasibility and implementation mechanism of the coordinated electric vehicle to provide operating reserve to the power grid are discussed,and proposed an efficient method for estimating available capacity of aggregated electric vehicles.In this method,the available capacity of electric vehicle is divided into interruptible capacity and V2G capacity based on its status.Afterwards,this paper introduces the basic concept and analysis procedures of operation reliability,and an operational reliability analysis method based on modified PJM method is proposed.The simulation finds that unit commitment risk of the system has obvious discrete characteristics,the available operating reserve capacity provided by aggregated electric vehicles can significantly reduce the operation risk level of the system.更多还原