【作者】 吴涛；

【导师】 杨凯；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 法律硕士（非法学）（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 随着近现代法制文明,尤其是司法文明的蓬勃发展,律师及律师制度在薄弱法制基础的风雨中砥砺前行,并最终得以逐步建立并不断发展。律师队伍是精确、全面落实我国以“依法治国”伟大基本方略治理国家,朝着建设成为社会主义现代化法治强国方向努力的重要组成部分,实现全面依法治国这一伟大目标,需要法律职业共同体(法官、检察官、公安、律师及其他司法辅助人员)的广泛参与和协作。律师本身,从一开始产生的时候就与社会事务、人际交往等丰富多彩的活动建立了广泛的联系,其作为社会阶层的一员,在伴随着社会发展的过程中也在不断发展、完善并逐步塑造出其独特的社会结构。①近现代以来,司法独立制度和现代审判制度在世界大多数国家得以逐步确立并蓬勃发展,真正意义上的律师正是在这样一个良好的司法环境下产生的。社会的精细化分工不断推动着整个人类社会的进步与发展,促进了世界文明的积淀。而律师作为社会群体中的一员,其自然也需要有符合自身发展特性的分工机制、协作机制、工作模式加以规范和激励日常的执业活动。自上世纪80年代末至今,我国的律师制度已经走过了 30余年的征程,律师的重要性日益显著,不仅在维护社会公平正义、维护社会稳定等方面发挥着积极作用,还在积极推进我国法制现代化事业发展、尽力争取和维护当事人的合法权益等方面浓扮演着重要角色。社会日新月异,时代的发展给律师行业带来了新的挑战与机遇,但随之而来也产生了各种各样的问题与困境。这就要求我们不得不正视,只有在良好的运行机制指引下,律师队伍才会发展的越来越好,更好地去维护社会公正法治。律师分级执业制度正好可以让律师在以后的职业生涯中做到规范执业,能建立起让律师队伍与法律职业共同体内的其他法律人才得以良性流动的机制,这从根本上而言,也是保证律师这一职业正常运行的制度保障。故此,本着把我国律师培养成为一支优秀的、专业水平较高、素质过硬的法律人才队伍的终极目的,推行律师分级执业制度就显得尤为必要,是不二之选。当下我国的社会主义市场经济体系业已形成并健康高度发展,尤其自1999年九届全国人大二次会议通过宪法修正案将依法治国作为治理国家的基本方略以来,我国的法制事业可谓是蒸蒸日上,对高素质法律人才的需求也越来越大,因此,开展如何建立高素质法律服务队伍的研究早已跃然纸上,是当下的燃眉之急。这就强烈要求政府对律师制度进行改革,在既有基础上稳步试点施行律师分级执业制度、构建科学的符合我国国情的律师制度已然是当前法治社会发展的客观要求,正是在这一时代背景、政治背景下,律师分级执业制度应运而生。当下,我国的律师界、学界以及司法实务界对律师分级执业制度可谓是各持己见。纵观知网资料库,国内学者对律师角色定位的研究颇有建树,相关文章也多不胜数,但专门对律师出庭分级制度的研究相对来说较少,虽然专家学者们也从不同层面、不同角度对律师行业进行了分析,但其研究成果却不尽人意。中国律师如何进行分级,分级的标准如何确定、包括哪些标准,分级范围如何界定、如此界定是否科学?律师分级后应当建立怎样的准入和流动机制?律师分级执业后其权益应当如何保证?中国的律师分级制度是应当学习其他国家的分级制度进行构建,还是在国情基础上予以变化?……这些问题不管是在理论上,还是在司法实践中,都未能得以解决,有很大的探讨空间,这也正是本文要去开展研究的内容。国内一大批学者和律师在研究法律职业或整个律师制度时都不可避免地谈到了律师分级执业制度,也提出了自己对此问题的看法或观点,但其对这一制度的论述都相对简单、浅显,并未对律师分级执业制度的施行提出详细、具体可行的建议。由于社会基础环境、人员素养、历史文化传统等的不同,想要构建符合我国法律实践情况的律师分级执业制度,就不能简简单单一味照搬照抄国外先进国家的律师制度,而是应当立足于中国几千年以来的文化传统积淀,结合实践,取国外先进律师制度之可取之处,弃其糟粕。中国律师想要得到长远、健康、良序发展,重要的便是建立一只高素养的律师队伍,而建立律师队伍的关键又在于对庞大的律师队伍进行合法、合理分级,进而引导其规范开展执业活动。通过对律师队伍的科学分级,不仅可以规范律师行业稳步、良性发展,而且能进一步打通律师在整个法律职业共同体中法律人才之间的顺利流动,以更好地为社会的发展、国家的发展、人民福祉的维护提供高质高量的法律服务。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lawyer and lawyer system has been developed and developed along with the development of legal civilization,especially the judicial civilization.The lawyers’ team is an important force for the implementation of the basic strategy of the rule of law and the construction of a socialist country under the rule of law,and the comprehensive participation of the legal professional community is required to achieve the overall rule of law.Lawyer class itself from the date of its associate with a wide range of transactions between people and social activity maintained close relations,and with the development of social activities and gradually create its own structural features.In most countries,the true professional lawyer class comes into being with the establishment of the judicial independence system and the modern judicial system.The progress of human society is based on social division of labor.As a group,lawyers must have a specific division of labor and a good mechanism to regulate and motivate.Since the restoration of the lawyer system in 1979,lawyers have grown up to promote the socialist rule of law,promote social equity and justice,and safeguard social stability and other irreplaceable forces.However,with the rapid development of the lawyer industry,various problems are emerging,and the biggest problem is the lack of standard operating mechanism in the law industry.The lack of a good operating mechanism leads to a worrying career prospect for lawyers,who lack a sense of identity and no room for advancement.Lawyer classification system can standardize the practice of lawyers,improve the system of lawyers and promote the flow of lawyers and other legal talents,which is the institutional guarantee for the professional operation of lawyers.Therefore,the construction of a high-quality team of lawyers should start from the legal classification system.With the rapid development of China’s socialist market economy and the overall advancement of the rule of law,the construction of the lawyers’ team has become a problem that the high quality legal service team must study in our country.This reality demand strongly urged the government to reform the system of lawyers,on the basis of both steady pilot implementation of lawyer practices grading system,build scientific conforms to the situation of our country’s law system already is the objective requirement of social development under the rule of law,it is in this era,political background,the lawyer practises graded system arises at the historic moment.There are different opinions on Lawyers’ grading practice system.There are many articles about lawyers in China.Scholars also analyze the lawyer profession from different angles.However,there are relatively few studies on the appearance of lawyers.How does a Chinese lawyer classify and classify?What is the background,reason,scope and condition of grading?How can a lawyer manage the problems of traditional lawyer system after grading?What kind of admittance and mobility mechanism should we set up after the classification of lawyers?How should the rights and interests of a lawyer be guaranteed?The classification system of lawyers in China should be built by the classification system of other countries or on the basis of national conditions.These problems have not been answered in theory and practice.It is the content of this paper to carry out the research.Although a large number of domestic scholars and lawyers to lawyer grading practice put forward its own views,but all is in the study of legal professional or the lawyer system simply mention,not a lawyer practices classification to do a detailed,in-depth,such as grading standard of background,conditions,and so on basic were elaborated.Moreover,although they all think that it is necessary to manage lawyers,they have not studied the classification of lawyers as a key system.Because of the different social environment,so want to the construction of a scientific system of our country’s lawyer practises graded,cannot simply copy the lawyer system of other countries,should take the essence to the dregs.The key to the development of Chinese lawyers lies in the construction of the group of lawyers,and the key to the construction of the lawyers group lies in the reasonable and hierarchical practice management.Through the scientific classification can regulate lawyer industry,and then through a lawyer in the circulation of professional community as a whole,to mobilize the whole scientific flow of the legal profession community,to provide better legal service for the society.更多还原