百里香精油提取、抗氧化活性、护肝作用及其应用的研究

【作者】 刘星；

【导师】 张有林；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 食品科学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 百里香(Thymus monoglious Romm)别名地姜、地椒、地花椒、山胡椒,为双子叶植物,唇形科(Laiatae),百里香属(Thymus)。我国百里香主要分部在甘肃、陕西、青海、山西、内蒙古等西北地区。百里香在西方常被用作香辛料。百里香有许多功能特性,在医药、食品贮藏与保鲜和日用化工方面都有应用。我国对百里香属植物的研究与开发较晚,百里香精油活性成分复杂,提取、纯化困难,目前对功效成分的研究还处于起步阶段。本研究以甘肃省镇原县百里香全草为试验材料,用改进的装置对百里香主要物质进行提取,对提取的精油进行成分分析和体内外抗氧化活性试验,并研制出百里香精油护肤乳,结果如下:1、利用具有自动排气功能的蒸馏发生器和多组蛇形冷凝管串联改进新型植物精油提取装置,不仅提高物料的一次性装载量,还具有加热稳定、操作简单、密闭性好、安全性高等优点。利用该装置提取百里香精油,1000 g百里香全草提取时间仅为30 min,精油得率为0.12%,比传统装置提取50 g百里香粉末的时间缩短1/2,精油得率提高3.5倍,提取效率提高142倍。2、百里香精油主要成分有8种,即对-聚伞花素(30.49%)、百里香酚(16.40%)、γ-松油烯(11.0%)、桉油精(7.91%)、香芹酚甲醚(3.55%)、β-甜没药烯(2.95%)、冰片(2.86%)和水合桧烯(2.09%),这8种成分占精油总质量的77.25%,鉴定出的54种成分占精油总质量的98.59%。百里香精油总酚含量为0.38 mgGAE/kg。3、VC、BHT和百里香精油对·OH的清除试验中,在浓度为0.9 mg/mL时,百里香精油的清除率为82.41%,(VC清除率为99.00%。,BHT为91.34%),百里香精油对·OH的清除能力与VC和BHT相似。百里香精油对02.·具有一定的清除能力,与BHT的清除能力差异不显著,在百里香精油浓度为1.5mg/mL时,对O2-·的清除率为82.88%。4、在相同质量浓度下,百里香精油对Fe3+的还原能力弱于VC和BHT;百里香精油抑制β-胡萝卜素的氧化能力略弱于BHT,远强于VC,且百里香精油浓度在0.5 mg/mL好于浓度在1.0 mg/mL的抗氧化活性;百里香精油具有减缓核桃油氧化酸败的作用,且浓度越高,效果越好。5、百里香精油剂量在300mg/kg和500mg/kg时,对TAA诱导的小鼠肝损伤保护作用良好,其保护肝脏的机理是百里香精油对细胞中的自由基起到抑制或清除,从而使小鼠肝脏细胞中的抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT、GSH-Px)消耗降低,保护抗氧化酶和抗氧化物系统GSH,对自由基连锁反应的扩展起到抑制作用,防止了细胞膜系统的脂质过氧化。6、对百里香精油护肤乳的配方进行单因素实验和正交实验,经极差分析,各因素对百里香精油护肤乳质量的影响由大到小的顺序为B(百里香精油)>A(角鲨烷:辛酸:棕榈酸:聚二甲基硅氧烷)>C(甘油:海藻糖:丙二醇)。最优配方为:配制100mL护肤乳,油相比例占20%,其中(角鲨烷:辛酸:棕榈酸:聚二甲基硅氧烷=6mL:5 mL:5 mL:4mL),百里香精油添加量为0.1%,保湿剂占14%,其中(甘油:海藻糖:丙二醇=6mL:3mL:5mL),余量为水。经人体试验,百里香精油护肤乳具有良好的保湿性能,能有效缓解皮肤粗糙,提高皮肤质量,增强皮肤弹性,对青春痘具有良好防治作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Thymus monoglious Romm belongs to the families of Laiatae and Thymus plants.In China,thyme mainly grows in Gansu,Shaanxi,Qinghai,shanxi and inner Mongolia.Thyme has long been used as a kind of spices in the West.Due to many functional properties,thyme has been applied to medicine,food preservation and cosmetics.However,the research of thyme in China has lagged behind the Western countries.Due to the complex compositions and extraction difficulties,the study of thyme oil in China has been in starting stage.Thus,with the thyme collected in Zhenyuan county(Gansu Province)chosen as the materials,this study is to 1)extract thyme oil by using an improved equipment and analyze its compositions;2)assess the anti-oxidatant capacity of the oil by in vitro assays;3)develop a kind of lotions based on the extracted thyme oil.The details are as follows:1)A distilling equipment with automatic exhaust function and coupled with snake-like condense pipes was developed in this study.The equipment was stable to heating,easy to operate,of good seal capability and safety.With this equipment,the extraction of one batch(e.g.,1.0 kg thyme)can be completed in 30 min,and the oil yield was 0.12%;the extraction time was shortened by 50 percent and the yield was increased by 3.5 times.Furthermore,the extraction efficiency was also increased by 142 times,as compared to the conventional distillers.2)The main compositions of the oil were p-Cymene(30.49%),Thymol(16.40%),gamma-Terpinene(11.0%),Eucalyptol(7.91%),Methyl carvacryl ether(3.55%),beta-Bisabolene(2.95%),endo-Borneol(2.86%)and Sabinene hydrate(2.09%),accounting for 77.25%of the oil weight.There were 54 compositions which had been detected,and they accounted for 98.59%of the total thyme oil.Besides,the total polyphenols content was determined to be 0.38±0.04 mgGAE/kg.3)At the concentration of 0.9 mg/mL,the scavenging rate of VC against ·OH was 99.00%,followed by BHT(91.34%)and thyme oil(82.41%).Thyme oil had significant scavenging capacity against O2-·,and its scavenging capacity was insignificant when compared with BHT.At the concentration of 1.5 mg/mL,the scavenging capacity of thyme oil against O2-· was 82.88%.4)At the same concentrations,the scavenging capacity of thyme oil against Fe3+ was lower than VC and BHT;Thyme oil can inhibit the oxidation of β-carotene,and its inhibition capacity was slightly lower than BHT but significantly higher than VC.At 0.5 mg/mL concentration,the thyme oil had a better capacity against β-carotene oxidation than at 1.0 mg/mL;Thyme oil can slow the oxidation and rancidity of walnut oil:the higher the concentration,the better the inhibition effect.5)The 300 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg dose of thyme oil exhibited significant liver protection effect on acute liver-injured mice model induced by TAA,and the protection mechanism may be because thyme oil can scavenge the free radicals in liver cells,decrease the consumption of SOD,CAT and GSH-Px,protect the anti-oxidation system GSH,and therefore inhibit the lipid peroxidation in cell membrane system and the further reaction initiated by free radicals.6)Through single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment,the formula of the thyme oil lotion(100 mL)was established:20%of the oil phase,which consisted of squalene,octoic acid,cetylic acid and polydimethylsiloxane(6 mL:5 mL:5 mL:4 mL),0.1%of thyme oil,14%of humectants,which consisted of glycerol,trehalose and propanediol(6 mL:3 mL:5 mL)and the rest was water.Based on range analysis,thyme oil had the greatest effect on the quality of the lotion,followed by the oil phase and then the humectants.Futher investigations suggested that the lotion has good moisture retention capacity and could ameliorate pachulosis,improve skin elasticity and facilitate acne treatment.更多还原