【作者】 李冉；

【导师】 田凌；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 平昌冬奥会的硝烟刚刚散去,2022年北京冬奥会变一步步缓缓走来。随着2015年7月31日,国际奥委会第128次会议上宣布北京申办冬奥会的成功,为我国冬季项目尤其是雪上项目的发展提供了绝好契机,同时促进了我国高山滑雪项目的科研投入,对高山滑雪的项目的体能研究正方兴未艾。高山滑雪项目虽然在我国已经开展了50多年,但是距离世界先进水平的差距还比较大,我国高山滑雪运动员的竞技仅仅处于世界中下游水平。究其原因有场地环境的因素等外界因素,在运动员身体能以及技术水平方面也存在不足。高山滑雪运动员对体能的要求尤其是力量素质的要求非常高。现代的运动训练针对力量训练的手段多种多样,振动力量训练是近几年出现的体能训练手段,肌肉在预紧张情况下,施加外界振动刺激收缩的训练手段。在国外以及国内的体能训练研究中,篮球、格斗、游泳、体操等运动员在接受振动训练后,身体素质都有明显的提高。其研究中振动刺激的安排为本研究提供借鉴,本研究在对运动学指标的分析外又对部分生理生化指标进行分析,以弥补针对高山滑雪运动员的振动训练研究相对匮乏的问题。高山滑雪起源于阿尔卑斯山地域,又称“阿尔卑斯滑雪”。滑行动作都是屈膝屈髋的静力性动作,比赛的全程均要保持这个动作,以便于降低重心、压住雪板,这样的技术就要求运动员的下肢肌肉尤其是股四头肌和臀大肌要有强大的静力性收缩的能力。而在比赛回转绕旗门时,项目技术要求引申、压板和立刃要快,这样才能保证通过旗门的路线最短用时最少,这样的技术就要求运动员要求很强的下肢爆发力。尝试在高山滑雪力量训练中,进行振动训练的干预,以期取得良好效果。本研究采用实验法对男子高山滑雪运动员进行八周的振动力量训练后的生化指标和下肢力量进行研究。八周振动训练的训练动作为高翻、负重半蹲、快速深蹲,采用振频45Hz、振幅7mm的振动刺激对实验组进行干预,收集的生化指标为血红蛋白、血清肌酸激酶、血睾酮、血清皮质醇,收集的运动学指标为最大地面反作用力、等速伸髋最大力矩、等速伸膝最大力矩。对实验组和对照组之间的数据进行独立样本T检验,显著性水平取0.05,非常显著性水平取0.01。经过对实验结果的分析与讨论得到以下结论:1八周振动力量训练使男子高山滑雪运动员血红蛋白呈现出先下降后上升的趋势,振动训练能引起血红蛋白更剧烈的变化,振动力量训练能够使血红蛋白含量回升提前,但是训练前后血红蛋白含量没有变化。2振动训练能够引起男子高山滑雪运动员血清肌酸激酶更深更早的升高,振动训练组在四周出现峰值,八周振动训练后血清肌酸激酶的活性仍处在比较高的水平,比训练前高68.13%。运动员身体仍没有达到最佳状态。3大负荷的振动训练能使男子高山滑雪运动员得血睾酮含量增加幅度明显大于传统力量训练,实验组在八周后血睾酮含量比训练前提高39.7%。说明振动训练对蛋白质的合成代谢促进作用更大。4大强度力量训练后皮质醇呈现先上升后下降的趋势,而振动训练减缓了血清皮质醇下降的速度。说明振动训练对蛋白质的合成代谢抑制的程度要大。5实验组下肢爆发力在八周后提高了16.9%,而对照组为7.5%。振动力量训练能够显著提高男子高山滑雪运动员的下肢爆发力,爆发力呈现逐渐上升的趋势。6实验组伸髋最大力量八周后比训练前增长20.49%,伸膝最大力量提高15.29%分别大于对照组的6.62%和5.01%。振动力量训练能够显著提高男子高山滑雪运动员的下肢最大力量。下肢最大力量呈现先下降后上升的趋势,两周后为下降的峰值。更多还原

【Abstract】 As of July 31,2015,the International Olympic Committee held its 128 th meeting in Malaysia on Kuala Lumpur,Beijing’s bid for the Winter Olympics,for the winter project in China,especially the development of snow project provides the perfect opportunity,and promote China’s alpine skiing project investment in scientific research,physical research on alpine skiing project is just unfolding.Alpine skiing has been carried out for more than 50 years in China,but the distance from the world’s advanced level is relatively large.The alpine skiers in China are only in the middle and lower reaches of the world.This study will discuss the training theory of alpine skiing in combination with the new training method of vibration training.The aim is to enrich the training of alpine skiing.The way to improve the physical ability of alpine skiers to help the sports team improve their sports performance.Vibration training is a completely new concept and comprehensive physical training method.By using the principle of acceleration training,muscles can be applied to external vibration stimulation and contraction training in pre stressed situations.In recent years,vibration training,as a new training method,has emerged in many researches both at home and abroad.It has been included in many research fields.It has become an important topic and direction in the field of physical training.Alpine skiing originated in the region of the Alps,also known as "Alpine skiing" or "mountain skiing".The Olympic Games will set up 10 alpine skiing events,including downhill,slalom,giant slalom,super-G,all-around(downhill and rotary)the five men and men race.No matter,large or super large rotary rotary rotary glide is static movements knees hip flexor,the whole game are to keep this action,in order to lower the center of gravity,on skis,this technique requires athletes lower limb muscles especially femoral head four muscle and gluteus maximus to static contraction the powerful.In the game around the rotary gate,the technical requirements of the project extension,plate and edge to be fast,so as to ensure the shortest route through the gate with at least,this technology requires athletes needs strong explosive force.In this study,the experimental method was used to study the biochemical indexes and lower limb strength of men alpine skiers after eight weeks of vibration strength training.The eight week training action of vibration training for 2008,squat,squat,vibration amplitude,vibration frequency by 45 Hz 7mm stimulation in experimental group were collected for biochemical index,hemoglobin,serum creatine kinase and serum testosterone,serum cortisol,kinematic indicators collected for maximum ground reaction force.An independent sample T test was performed on the data between the experimental group and the control group.The significant level was 0.05,and the very significant level was 0.01.After the analysis and discussion of the experimental results,the following conclusions are obtained.1.Eight weeks vibration strength training,make the men’s alpine skiing athletes hemoglobin showed upward trend after falling,then the vibration training causes haemoglobin more drastic changes,the vibration strength training can make hemoglobin content in advance.2.Vibration training can lead to the increase of serum creatine kinase in men’s alpine skiing,and the activity of serum creatine kinase after eight weeks of vibration training is at a relatively high level.3.The vibration training of large loads can significantly increase the levels of testosterone in men’s alpine skiers.4.After the intensive strength training,cortisol showed a tendency to rise first and then decrease,while vibration training slowed down the rate of serum cortisol decline.5.Vibration strength training can significantly improve the explosive power of lower limbs of men’s alpine skiers.6.Vibration strength training can significantly improve the maximum strength of the lower limbs of men’s alpine skiers.更多还原