【作者】 王红；

【导师】 郭庆科；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 应用心理硕士（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 亲社会行为(prosocial behaviors)泛指一切符合社会期望而对他人、群体或社会有益的行为,主要形式有助人、志愿行动、慈善捐助、分享、谦让、安慰以及合作等。人类作为群居性和社会性的生物,需要相互间的合作和帮助,才能更好地适应社会和环境的变化。大量研究表明合作、分享、安慰、捐助、志愿活动等亲社会行为能给个体的身心健康带来诸多益处。另外,亲社会行为多的个体更快乐,主观幸福感水平也更髙,同时他们较少地体验到焦虑、抑郁等负面情绪。亲社会行为是维持人与人之间良好关系的重要基础,不仅给个体的发展带来诸多益处,也是建立公正和谐社会的重要保障。亲社会行为对于人类生存和社会发展至关重要,影响亲社会行为的因素也一直是研究者们着力探讨的重要问题之一。通过对价值观、共情和亲社会行为的研究,可以使我们进一步对亲社会行为的发生发展机制以及生理心理基础有深入了解。对价值观、共情和亲社会行为的研究,有助于在实际生活中制定方针政策,促进和推动精神文明建设。同时,在了解价值观和共情如何影响亲社会行为的基础上,采取适当方式促进人们的亲社会行为,为建设和谐社会贡献力量。目前有关亲社会行为的研究大多是不区分对象的,只是笼统的将其归为“受助者”,且鲜有研究考察价值观与亲社会行为之间的机制问题,对于价值观、共情、亲社会行为之间的关系更是无从涉及。基于以上原因,针对当前价值观和亲社会行为研究领域存在的问题和不足,本研究试图考察自我增强与自我超越价值观对亲社会行为的影响以及共情的调节作用,以整群抽样的方法从某高校选取1458名大学生,采用自我报告的方法收集被试数据。主要结论如下:(1)自我增强价值观与自我超越价值观不存在性别差异;共情关注、想象、个人痛苦、共情总分存在性别差异,表现为女性得分显著高于男性,观点采择性别差异不显著;亲缘利他、互惠利他、亲社会行为总分存在性别差异,表现为女性得分显著高于男性,纯粹利他性别差异不显著。(2)自我增强与自我超越价值观显著正向预测亲社会行为,且自我超越价值观对亲社会行为的影响显著大于自我增强价值观。(3)共情关注、想象、观点采择、共情总分调节自我增强与自我超越价值观对亲缘利他行为的影响;共情关注、想象、观点采择、共情总分调节自我增强与自我超越价值观对互惠利他行为的影响;共情的各个维度和总分对自我增强与自我超越价值观对纯粹利他行为的影响不起调节作用;共情关注和共情总分调节自我增强与自我超越价值观对亲社会行为总分的影响。综上所述,本文考察了自我增强与自我超越价值观影响亲社会行为的调节机制。本研究获得了一些有价值的结果,这些结果对于丰富亲社会行为领域的研究有着重要的理论意义,对于提升亲社会行为水平有着重要的实践意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Prosocial behaviors refer to all behaviors that are in line with social expectations and beneficial to others,groups,or society.The main forms are helping people,volunteering,charitable giving,sharing,modesty,comforting,and cooperation.Human beings as social and social creatures need mutual cooperation and assistance in order to better adapt to social and environmental changes.Extensive research shows that pro-social behaviors such as cooperation,sharing,consolation,donation,and volunteer activities can bring many benefits to individuals’ health.In addition,individuals with many pro-social behaviors are happier,subjective well-being levels are even worse,and they experience less negative emotions such as anxiety and depression.Prosocial behavior is an important basis for maintaining good relationships between people.It not only brings many benefits to the development of individuals,but also is an important guarantee for the establishment of a just and harmonious society.Pro-society behavior is very important for human survival and social development.The factors that affect pro-social behavior have also been one of the most important issues explored by researchers.Through the study of values,empathy,and pro-society,we can further understand the development mechanism and physiological and psychological basis of altruism.Research on values,empathy,and pro-society will help formulate guidelines and policies in real life and promote and promote spiritual civilization.At the same time,on the basis of understanding how values and empathy affect pro-social behavior,appropriate ways to stimulate people’s pro-social behaviors will be used to contribute to building a harmonious society.However,most current researches on pro-social behaviors do not distinguish between objects,but they are generally classified as “assisted persons”,and few studies examine the mechanism between values and altruistic behaviors.They are about values,empathy,and pro-society.The relationship between actions is even more involved.Based on the above reasons,in view of the problems and deficiencies in the current research field of values and prosocial behavior,this study attempts to examine the impact of self-enhancement and self-transcending values on prosocial behavior and the role of empathy in regulating,and a cluster sampling approach from a university 1458 college students were selected and collected data using self-reporting methods.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)There is no gender difference between self-enhancement values and self-surpassing values;There are gender differences in empathic concern,imagination,personality,human suffering,and total score of empathy,which shows that women score significantly more than men,and there is no significant gender difference in opinion;There is a gender difference in altogether,reciprocal altruism,and total pro-social behavior.The performance is that women score significantly more than men,and the pure altru gender difference is not significant.(2)Self-enhancement and self-surpassing values significantly positively predict prosocial behavior,and self-transcendence values have a significantly greater influence on pro-social behavior than self-enhancement values.(3)Influences of empathy,imagination,opinion choice,empathy,total self-enhancement,and self-transcending values on the behaviors of kinship and altruism;empathy,imagination,opinion choice,empathy,total self-regulation and self-transcendence The influence of reciprocal altruistic behavior;the various dimensions and total scores of empathy;self-enhancement and self-transcending values have no effect on the regulation of purely altruistic behavior;empathic concern and empathic total scores regulate self-enhancement and self-transcending values on pro The total social behavior influence.In summary,this article examines the regulatory mechanisms that influence self-enhancement and self-transcendence values in pro-social behavior.This study has obtained some valuable results.These results have important theoretical significance for enriching the research of prosocial behavior and have important practical significance for improving prosocial behavior.更多还原