【作者】 张艺；

【导师】 王今朝；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 西方经济学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 中国进入社会主义新时代,经济发展面临不平衡不充分的问题。其中,城乡收入差距的扩大是发展不平衡不充分的一个重要表现。改革开放后,西方市场经济理论进入中国,市场化改革成为中国经济的主要改革方向。而逐步对外开放,融入世界经济体系也成为中国经济发展的主要策略。市场化、对外开放与城乡收入差距之间存在着紧密的联系。本文在市场价格机制的理论基础上,首先建立了城乡居民收入的生产资料模型,通过分析市场化、对外开放度对城乡居民收入的影响,剖析了随着市场化、对外开放程度加深,城乡收入差距扩大的内在逻辑机制。我们通过市场价格机制理论和要素价格均等化理论推导出市场化和对外开放对城镇居民和农场居民收入的不同影响。在此基础上,本文进一步分析了市场化和对外开放扩大城乡收入差距的各种机制。为了检验理论的正确性,本文使用中国30个省市2000-2014年的面板数据来进行实证检验,检验结果支持了理论分析结果。基于理论、实证分析的结果,本文有以下建议:首先,应建立农村普惠金融系统,增大农村生产活动的资本投入;其次,应提高对农业财政支出水平,促进农业生产力提高;然后,应打破户籍制度的阻碍,为进城务工农村劳动力提供基础保障福利,实现更进一步的城镇化;最后,应加大农村地区教育资源的投入,提升农村人力资本,促进农村经济发展,改善农村居民收入。更多还原

【Abstract】 As China enters a new era of socialism,economic development is facing the problem of inadequate balance.Among them,the expansion of the income gap between urban and rural areas is an important manifestation of inadequate development imbalance.After the reform and opening up,western market economic theory entered China.Market-oriented reform has become the main reform direction of China’s economy.A major mechanism of the economy is the price mechanism.Gradually opening up to the outside world and integrating into the world economic system is also called the main strategy for China’ s economic development.There is a close relationship between the marketization of the price mechanism,opening up to the outside world,and the urban-rural income gap.Based on the theoretical basis of the market price mechanism,this paper firstly establishes a mathematical model for urban and rural residents’ income.By analyzing the effects of marketization and opening degree on the income of urban and rural residents,this paper analyzes the impact of the increase of marketization and openness on the gap between rural and urban incomes.It derives the different effects of marketization and opening up on the income of urban residents and farm residents through "market price mechanism theory" and "factor price equalization theory".On this basis,this paper further analyzes the various mechanisms of marketization and opening up to expand the urban-rural income gap.In order to test the correctness of the theory,this paper uses panel data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2000 to 2014 to conduct empirical tests.The test results further support the theoretical analysis results.Starting from the results of theoretical and empirical analysis,this paper suggests as follows.First,a rural inclusive financial system should be set up to increase the capital investment in rural production activities.Second,the fiscal expenditure on agriculture should be increased to promote the improvement of agricultural productivity.It is necessary to break the barriers to the household registration system,to provide basic guarantees for the rural laborers who are going to work in cities,and to realize further urbanization.Finally,we should increase investment in educational resources in rural areas,increase rural human capital,promote rural economic development,and improve rural areas residence income.更多还原