【作者】 王强；

【导师】 陆峰；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳建筑大学 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 随着加工技术逐渐走向精密化,对数控机床的加工精度要求也随之提高,由于电主轴.的电动机属于内装式电机,而且高速运转过程中会产生大量的热量,使得其产生的热量不容易散出,热量会导致电主轴很多的部件发生热变形,而由热变形引起的制造误差占总误差的40%-70%。电主轴是数控机床最重要的部分,也是产生热量的最主要部位,在数控机床高速工作时,该部位的发热影响着数控机床的整体加工精度。因此,为了提高数控机床的加工精度,必须改善电主轴的散热情况,这就需要研究冷却系统对电主轴进行冷却以保证电主轴能在最佳温度下进行工作,冷却系统的研究从很大程度上改善了电主轴的发热状况,为进一步提高电主轴的加工精度起着十分重要的作用。首先,叙述了电主轴冷却系统的优点、缺点以及其系统构成,着重介绍了电主轴冷却系统对电主轴冷却的作用与研究意义,针对目前国内外对电主轴冷却系统的研究,阐述了这一方面的研究取得的成果以及介绍了近几年该领域的发展状况;总结了一些国内外在电主轴冷却系统方面所做研究的优点以及不足之处,对比了国内在该领域的研究与世界发达国家的差距。第二,对电主轴的热源进行了说明,并分析了电动机的发热和轴承的发热;介绍了电主轴的传热机制,着重对电主轴在工作中各个部位的对流换热进行了分析与计算;针对数据拟合需要的非线性回归分析与多元线性回归的基本原理进行了深入讨论,并介绍了回归分析得到的数学模型需要进行的几种检验方式,为接下来的模型建立提供了可靠的理论基础。第三,本文应用ANSYS仿真软件对170SD30-SY型电主轴进行了有限元模型的建立,将本文中通过计算得到的生热率和散热率加载到有限元模型上,得到电主轴的稳态热分布图。并针对电主轴的稳态热分布图,提出了几点改善电主轴温度分布的措施。最后,利用电主轴自动测试系统进行冷却系统对电主轴温度影响的测试,得到电主轴在不同转速时,在冷却水温度、冷却水流速的影响下电主轴的温度分布情况。通过对数据的处理,根据传热学理论,建立电主轴冷却系统的数学模型,并对建立的模型进行回归分析以及验证;通过将冷却系统模型计算结果与仿真分析结果进行对比,进一步验证了冷却系统模型的准确性。本文主要研究了电主轴的冷却系统实验,建立了冷却系统数学模型,通过将冷却系统模型结果与仿真分析结果进行对比,验证了模型的准确性,研究成果对进一步研究如何提高电主轴加工精度具有一定的参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the processing technology gradually moving toward precision,the machining accuracy of CNC machine tools is also increased.The motorized spindle was produced a lot of heat in the process of high speed operation.The heat generated by the motorized spindle is not easy to shed,and can lead to the thermal deformation of the motorized spindle.The manufacturing error caused by thermal deformation could reach 40%to 70%of the total error.Motorized spindle,as the core component of high speed machine tool,is the main heat source of CNC machine tools,which played an important role in the machining accuracy of machine tools.In order to improve the machining precision of CNC machine tool,the heat dissipation capacity of motorized spindle must be improved,and the coolant system of spindle must be studied to ensure the motorized spindle working at the optimum temperature.The research and application of coolant system can improve the heating problem of motorized spindle to a great extent,and play a very important role in improving the machining accuracy for further study.Firstly,the advantages and disadvantages of the coolant system of motorized spindle and its system structure were described in this thesis.The effect and significance of the coolant system on the cooling of the motorized spindle were introduced.Then the research ’status of the motorized spindle coolant system at home and abroad was described,the development and prospect of motorized spindle coolant system were introduced.Finally,the research progress on the motorized spirndle coolant system were summarized,and the gaps for this field at home and abroad was presented.Secondly,the heat source of the motorized spindle was analyzed,and the heating from the motor and the bearing were calculated.The heat transfer mechanism of the motorized spindle was analyzed,and the convective heat transfer of each component was mainly introduced,and the analysis and calculation were carried out.In this thesis,the basic principles of nonlinear regression analysis and multiple linear regression were discussed.The thesis also introduced several methods to be used in the regression analysis,which provided a reliable theoretical basis for the following model building.Thirdly,the finite element model of 170SD30-SY was built in ANSYS simulation software.The heat generation rate and cooling rate obtained based on the calculation were applied to the motorized spindle model,and the temperature distribution of the motorized spindle was obtained.Some measures to improve the temperature distribution of the motorized spindle were put forward according to the steady-state thermal distribution of the spindle.At last,the surface temperature of the motorized spindle was measured by using the automatic test system.The temperature of the motorized spindle could be obtained under different speed of the motorized spindle,the temperature and the flow rate of the cooling water.Through processing the data,a theoretical model could be found for the coolant system of motorized spindle by using the guidance of the theory of heat transfer.And the regression analysis and verification of the model were carried out.By comparing the calculated results with the simulation results,the accuracy of the model was verified.In this thesis,the coolant system of motorized spindle was studied,and the coolant system model was established.By comparing the calculated results with the simulation results,the accuracy of the model was verified.The research results could be used as a reference for the further study on how to improve the machining accuracy of the motorized spindle.更多还原