【作者】 吴莹；

【导师】 陈水云；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 吕留良是明末清初之际极具影响力的一个人物,其生前身后,均与八股文有着不可分割的联系,然而长期以来,对于吕留良的八股文批评,学界并未给予充分关注。本文以吕留良的八股文批评为主要研究对象,充分利用吕留良及其友人之著述,分五章考察吕留良的八股文批评。第一章重点关注吕留良的八股文批评实践。通过对吕留良数次中断的八股文评选过程的梳理,充分考察吕留良对于评选之事的矛盾心态,进而解读其参与八股文评选的动机:一方面是受时代风气的影响,另一方面则是其“尊朱”学术思想的驱动。第二章到第四章在详细分析吕留良的八股文评语的基础上,分别从文体论、文气论、文境论等三个方面介绍吕留良的八股文批评理论。在文体理论方面,吕留良秉持“一古文与时文”的观点,认为“非时文不足明道”,从理论上提高了八股文文体的地位;在文气理论方面,吕留良充分强调文气的重要性,并直接指出“文之气,必以理为主”;在文境理论方面,崇“雅”、尚“实”、重“味”是吕留良的主要观点。从总体上看,吕留良的这些八股文批评理论,在继承以往八股文批评理论的基础上又有所发展,较之当时的主流观点,别具一格,呈现出鲜明的个人特点。第五章重点从三个方面揭示吕留良八股文批评的特色之所在。本文认为,在批评标准上,吕留良以经学为根基,以程朱理学为断,在批评方法上则是以意象批评和推源溯流为主,此外,重“理”轻“法”的批评倾向也是其评选的重要特色。更多还原

【Abstract】 Between Ming dynasty and early Qing dynasty,Lv Liuliang is an influential figure.There is an inalienable connection between Lv Liuliang and Eight-part essay whenever living or death.For a long time,however,the academic circles had not given sufficient attention to Lv Liuliang’s criticism activities related to the Eight-part essay.This paper will focus on Lv Liuliang’s criticism of Eight-part essay,making full use of the writings of Lv Liuliang and his friends,examining Lv Liuliang’s criticism from five chapters.The first chapter focus on the practice of Lv Liuliang’s criticism of Eight-part essay.After examining the process of criticizing Eight-part essays which is interrupted several times,we paid enough attention on Lv Liuliang’s ambivalence about criticism of the Eight-part essay,and interprets his internal motivation to participate in the criticism Eight-part essay:on the one hand,it is influenced by the social atmosphere,and on the other hand,it is driven by his academic thought which obey Zhu Xi.The second chapter to the fourth chapter introduced Lv Liuliang’s critical theory of the Eight-part essay from three aspects,on the basis of detailed combing Lv Liuliang’s comments.In stylistics,Lv Liuliang believed that there is nothing different between ancient prose and Eight-part essay.He also said that only Eight-part essay can express Dao clearly.What Lv Liuliang said has improved the position of Eight-part essay.In the theory of "Wenqi",Lv Liuliang emphasized the importance of"Wenqi",and directly expressed that "Wenqi" is mainly consists of "Li".In the theory of "Wenjing",Lv Liuliang advocated "Ya","Shi" and "Wei".Overall,Lv Liuliang’s critical theory of the Eight-part essay has inherited and developed previous criticism theory.Comparing with the mainstream view,his theory had a unique style and shown a distinctive personal characteristic.The fifth chapter analyzed the characteristics of Lv Liuliang’s criticism theory on Eight-part essays mainly from three aspects.This paper argues that,in the standard of criticism,Lv Liuliang viewed Confucian classics was the foundation of Eight-part essay,and neo-confucianism was the criterion.In criticism methods,Lv Liuliang mainly adopted the methods of "imago critique" and "tracing origin".In addition,the critical tendency of emphasis on "Li" and despising "Fa" is also an important feature of Lv Liuliang’s criticism theory of Eight-part essay.更多还原