【作者】 刘幸；

【导师】 赵凯荣；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 在马克思那里,生产方式是他批判资本主义分配正义的逻辑起点,这一方面与他探究正义的方法一脉相承,另一方面取决于生产对分配的决定性作用。受古典自由主义正义观的影响,青年马克思的正义观表现出思辨哲学的特点。在这种正义观的指导下,马克思发现了理论与现实之间不可调和的矛盾,继而展开了对自由主义正义观的批判。在唯物史观形成以前,马克思的批判带有明显的思辨哲学痕迹。在唯物史观形成以后,马克思以唯物史观为方法论指导,以物质生产为起点,展开了对自由主义正义观深刻的、彻底的批判。马克思沿着这一路径展开了对资本主义分配正义的批判。不同于资本主义经济学家或庸俗社会主义者围绕分配谈论分配的做法,马克思看到了生产对分配的决定性作用,因而以其关键的核心要素——资本主义生产方式为逻辑起点,深入到生产过程中来探讨分配问题。马克思指出,资本家与工人在交换领域所体现的自由、平等仅仅是表面的,当深入到生产领域中时,就会发现其实质的不正义。从资本家对工人的剥削出发,马克思批判了资本主义的非正义,揭示了资本主义分配非正义的主要表现。根据马克思的劳动价值论,价值由劳动所创造,工人的劳动产品应该归工人所有。但是,工人们最终得到的仅仅是满足基本生存的生活资料的价值,剩余价值却被资本家占有了。依据生产对分配的决定性关系,马克思深入到生产过程中,找到了剥削产生的秘密。由于资本主义私有制的存在,资本家掌握了生产资料的所有权,从而拥有了支配无产阶级劳动力的权力,剥削由此得以产生。同时,在资本逻辑的主导下,资本家对工人的剥削越来越严酷,资本主义分配表现为越来越不正义。作为一名无产阶级革命家,马克思所有批判工作的落脚点都是实现全人类的解放,表现出了浓厚的人文主义关怀。因此,在批判资本主义分配正义的基础上,马克思提出了共产主义社会的分配正义原则,从而为每个人自由而全面的发展提供保障。对于我国来说,收入差距过大、贫富悬殊成为亟待解决的现实难题,马克思对资本主义分配正义的批判为我国现实问题的解决提供了一定的指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 The production mode is the logical starting point of Marx’s criticism on distributive justice of capitalism.This is related to Marx’s method of justice research,and it also depends on the fact that production decides distribution.In the youth,Marx’s idea of justice was influenced by the classical liberalism’s idea of justice,showing the characteristics of speculative philosophy.In the guidance of this idea of justice,Marx discovered the irreconcilable contradiction between theory and reality,and then began to criticize the liberal idea of justice.Before the formation of materialist conception of history,Marx’s criticism showed the characteristics of speculative philosophy obviously.After the formation of materialist conception of history,Marx took materialist concept of history as a method,and criticized the liberal idea of justice profoundly and thoroughly from the starting point of material production.Marx criticized the distributive justice of capitalism in accordance with this path.Unlike capitalist economists or vulgar socialists who researched distribution from distribution,Marx found that production played decisive role in distribution,and took its key core element,the capitalist mode of production,as a logical starting point of distribution research.Marx pointed out that the freedom and equality embodied in the field of exchange between capitalists and workers were merely superficial.When going deeply into the field of production,we would find their injustice.From the exploitation of workers by the capitalists,Marx criticized the injustice of capitalism and revealed the main manifestations of distributive injustice of capitalism.According to Marx’s theory of labor value,values are created by labor,and workers’ labor products should belong to workers.However,what the workers finally get is only the value of living materials that only maintains basic survival.The surplus value is owned by the capitalists.According to the decisive relationship between production and distribution,Marx went deeply into the production process and found the secret of exploitation.Because of the existence of capitalist private ownership,capitalists have acquired the ownership of the means of production and thus have the power to govern the labor force of proletarian.Exploitation thus arises.At the same time,under the leadership of capital logic,the exploitation between capitalist and workers has become more and more severe,and the distribution of capitalism has become increasingly unjust.As a proletarian revolutionary,Marx’s all-critique point of view is to achieve the liberation of all human beings and shows a strong humanistic concern.Therefore,on the basis of criticizing distributive justice of capitalism,Marx puts forward the principle of distributive justice in communist society so as to provide guarantees for everyone’s free and overall development.For our country,the excessive income gap and the disparity between the rich and the poor have become a realistic difficulty that must be solved.Marx’s criticism on distributive justice of capitalism has provided some guidance for the solution of our country’s reality problems.更多还原