【作者】 林涛；

【导师】 蔡从燕；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 国际法学， 2018， 硕士

【副题名】以《联合国国家及其财产管辖豁免公约》为视角

【摘要】 2004年12月,第59届联合国大会通过了《联合国国家及其财产管辖豁免公约》(以下简称《公约》),标志着国家享有管辖豁免和执行豁免正式以统一公约的形式确立起来。值得一提的是,《公约》将执行豁免区分为判决前执行豁免和判决后执行豁免。对于判决前,第18条给予外国财产绝对的执行豁免,除非一国通过明示同意或者通过拨出或指定财产用于清偿的默示同意方式放弃豁免,法院在任何情况下不得执行该国财产;对于判决后,第19条对外国财产的执行采取限制豁免原则,除国家同意放弃豁免外,商业财产也不享有执行豁免,从而缩小了豁免的范围。本文通过考察国家和国际组织对执行豁免问题的立法和司法实践,深入剖析《公约》中的执行豁免条款,回顾条款起草过程中发达国家与发展中国家、执行国与被执行国、私人主体与主权国家之间的矛盾与妥协,从而在理论上更好的理解并且在实践中更好的适用国家及其财产执行豁免,为我国未来的执行豁免立法提供借鉴。本文除引言和结论外,主体部分包括四章:第一章简要介绍执行豁免在全球范围内的主要法律实践现状。首先,列举国际社会和各国的立法或司法实践;接着,从这些法律实践中提炼共性和个性,总结现状。第二章聚焦《公约》的文本,考察其执行豁免条款的历史演变,分析条款制定过程中的矛盾与妥协,从而更好的理解和适用执行豁免。第三章重点剖析判决后执行豁免条款。首先,讨论何为商业财产并提出判断商业财产的新思路;其次,结合《公约》分别讨论商业财产豁免例外的时间、地域以及诉讼联系条件;再次,聚焦常见的国有企业豁免问题;最后,对哪些国家财产属于特定种类财产从而直接免于执行进行分析。第四章在总结我国执行豁免的现有立法和实践的基础上,试图对我国未来执行豁免立法设计提出建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 In December 2004,the 59th session of the United Nations general assembly adopted United Nations convention on jurisdictional immunities of states and their property(hereinafter referred to as "The Convention"),It is a sign that the state is entitled to exempt from jurisdiction and execution and the principle was formally established in the form of a unified convention.It is worth mentioning that The Convention differentiates immunity from execution into pre-judgement and post-judgement.For pre-judgement,article 18 gives absolute immunity to foreign property.Only when the state has expressly consented or the State has allocated or earmarked property for the satisfaction of the claim which is the object of that proceeding may the court execute the property of the state;for post-judgement,article 19 gives limited immunity to foreign property.In addition to the waiver of the immunity by the state,commercial property shall not be exempted from execution,narrowing the range of immunity.By investigating the states and international organizations’ legislation and judicial practice on immunity from execution,deeply analyzing the clause on immunity from execution of The Convention,reviewing the contradictions and compromises between developed and developing states,executing and executed states,the private entity and the sovereign states in the drafting process,this dissertation intends to better understand in theory and better apply in practice of immunity from execution,which will provide a reference for China’s legislation of immunity from execution in the future.Except the introduction and conclusions,this dissertation includes four chapters:The first chapter briefly introduces the status of major legal practices in immunity from execution of states and their property worldwide.Firstly,enumerates the legislative or judicial practices of the international community and states;then,extracts commonalities and individualities from these legal practices and summarizes the status quo.The second chapter focuses on the text of The Convention,examines the historical evolution of its clause on immunity from execution,and analyzes contradictions and compromises in the process of formulating articles,so as to better understand and apply immunity from execution.The third chapter focuses on the immunity from execution clause after the judgment.Firstly,it discusses what is commercial property and proposes a new method for judging commercial property;secondly,in conjunction with The Convention,it discusses separately the time,territory and proceeding connection conditions for exceptions for commercial property immunity;again,it focuses on the issues of state-owned enterprises;finally,it analyzes which state’s property belongs to a specific type of property to be directly exempted from execution.The fourth chapter,on the basis of summarizing the existing legislation and practice of China’s immunity from execution,tries to make suggestions on design of China’ legislation of immunity from execution in the future.更多还原