【作者】 于鑫；

【导师】 王林山；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 化学工程（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 泡沫混凝土由于含有大量独立封闭的气孔的结构,具有轻质、保温、隔音、耐火、抗震等性能,被广泛应用于节能保温材料当中。低密度泡沫混凝土由于其容重低于500kg/m3,因而更加具有应用前景和研究价值。影响泡沫混凝土最主要的因素就是发泡剂的泡沫质量。目前发泡剂种类繁杂多样,各有优缺点,本文旨在利用常用的表面活性剂,通过复配,提升发泡剂的泡沫质量,使其可以应用到泡沫混凝土的制备中。综合考虑不同种类型的表面活性剂起泡性能和成本,选择阴离子表面活性剂α-烯基磺酸钠(AOS)、十二烷基硫酸钠(K12)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)作为起泡剂进行研究,确定以发泡性能最好的AOS作为起泡剂。然后与非离子表面活性剂椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺(6501)以及两性离子表面活性剂十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)进行起泡剂的复配,并最终确定起泡剂的配比为0.3%AOS和0.08%BS-12的复配组合。起泡剂制得的泡沫无法直接应用于泡沫混凝土的制备,分别向起泡剂中加入稳泡剂氯化钠、聚丙烯酰胺、羧甲基纤维素钠、十二醇确定其稳泡性能,并通过正交实验确定了发泡剂的最终配比为:AOS 0.03%、BS-12 0.08%、CMC 0.1%、PAM 0.04%、十二醇0.15%,泡沫稳定可长时间保存。在利用研制的发泡剂制备泡沫混凝土的过程中,还研究了水灰比、减水剂以及聚丙烯纤维掺量对泡沫混凝土性能的影响。通过大量实验比对,确定最佳的凝胶材料配比为水泥139kg/m3、泡沫710L/m3、减水剂0.9%、聚丙烯纤维0.5%,制备的泡沫混凝土干密度为255kg/m3,3天抗压强度为0.23MPa,28d抗压强度为0.76MPa。更多还原

【Abstract】 The foam concrete containing plenty of internal porous structure showed the character of lightweight,thermal and sound insulation,fire,seismic,etc.These characteristics make it widely applied in energy saving material.Low density foam concrete used as a leader in insulation materials owned more promising application value due to its density was less than 300kg/m3.The foaming agent bubble quality was the key factor of the foam concrete.A variety of foaming agent kept its own advantages and disadvantages respectively.This article try to make use of the common surfactants in the preparation of foam concrete by surfactants mixing to enhance the properties of the foam concrete.Considering the properties and cost of different types of surfactant,select the Anionic surfactant Sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate,Sodium dodecyl sulfate,Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate,Sodium alcohol and sulphate as the blowing agent object of study.Determining Anionic surfactant Sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate as the blowing agent as its best foaming properties in the four kinds of surfactants.Then compound with non-ionic surfactant Coconutt diethanol amide and zwitterionic surfactant Dodecyl dimethy1 betaine,finalize the blowing agent is the complex combinations of 0.3%Anionic surfactant Sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate and 0.08%Dodecyl dimethy1 betaine.The foam of blowing agent cannot be applied directly to the preparation of foam concrete.Test the stable performance of NaCl,Polyacrylamide,Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium,Dodecanol,then determine the ratio by orthogonal experiment is 0.3%Anionic surfactant Sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate,0.08%Dodecyl dimethyl betaine,0.1%Carboxymethylcellulose sodium,0.04%Polyacrylamide,0.15%Dodecanol.Foam can be retained for a long time with stability.Study the foam concrete’s properties of water cement ratio,water reducing agent and polypropylene fiber in the process of preparation.Through a large number of experiments,determined the best ratio is concrete 139kg/m3,foam 710L/m3,water reducing agent 0.9%,polypropylene fiber 0.5%.The dry density of foam concrete was 255 kg/m3,3d compressive strength was 0.23MPa,28d compressive strength was 0.76MPa.更多还原