【作者】 王兵；

【导师】 安静；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 产业经济学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 工业化的发展对国家宏观经济发展的重要性已毋庸置疑。行业工资调整、产业间劳动力流动和产业升级是工业化和现代化深入发展中的应有之义。产业升级不仅受到行业工资差距的影响,亦与产业间劳动力流动直接相关。为了实现工资水平、就业结构和产业结构协调发展,有必要探究行业工资差距、劳动力流动与产业升级的影响机理以及三者间的影响关系,这正是本文研究的核心问题。基于此问题,本文首先综述了国内外相关研究进展,然后梳理了三者间的影响机理,阐述了三者的现状及存在的问题,然后使用2004~2015年中国31个省(市、自治区)的省级面板数据,分别构建了三个动态面板基准模型和三个动态面板扩展模型,使用系统GMM法对行业工资差距、劳动力流动及其他控制变量与产业升级的关系进行了实证研究,并使用2008~2015年的样本数据进行了稳健性和异质性检验。通过对行业工资差距、劳动力流动与产业升级的影响机理分析、现状及问题的分析和实证研究结论的讨论,本文得出以下主要结论:(1)产业结构高级化、产业结构合理化及产业价值链效率化均具有明显的持续性;(2)城镇单位行业工资差距对产业结构高级化和产业价值链效率化有负向作用,且对产业结构高级化影响显著,而对产业结构合理化有显著的正向作用;(3)三次产业劳动力流动对产业升级各方面的影响方向不尽一致,第一产业劳动力流动对产业结构高级化和产业价值链效率化有正向影响,且对产业价值链效率化影响显著,而对产业结构合理化有显著负向影响;第二产业劳动力流动对产业结构高级化和合理化均有正向影响,且对产业结构合理化影响显著,而对产业价值链效率化有显著负向影响;第三产业劳动力流动对产业升级各方面均有负向影响,且仅对产业价值链效率化影响显著;(4)从地区宏观经济状况层面,考察期内当期和滞后一期的经济增长并不必然促进产业升级,两期对产业升级各方面的影响是相反的;全社会固定资产投资比重对产业升级各方面的影响均不显著;地区行政垄断程度对产业结构高级化有正向影响但不显著,而对产业结构合理化和产业价值链效率化均有显著负向影响;城市化对产业结构高级化有显著负向影响,而对产业结构合理化和产业价值链效率化正向影响,但仅对产业结构合理化影响显著;乡城生活水平差距对产业结构高级化和合理化均有负向影响,且对产业结构合理化影响显著,而对产业价值链效率化有正向影响但不显著;各地区就业人员人均受教育年限对产业结构高级化和合理化有负向影响但不显著,但对产业价值链效率化有显著正向影响;(5)政府行为方面,地方政府宏观税收负担水平对产业升级各方面的影响均不显著;财政教育支出比重仅对产业结构合理化有显著正向影响;财政科技支出仅对产业结构合理化有显著负向影响;(6)城镇单位行业工资差距和第一、三产业劳动力流动的交互作用对产业结构高级化有显著正向影响;(7)城镇单位行业工资差距和城镇私营单位行业工资差距具有异质性,对产业升级各方面的影响方向不尽一致。最后,根据本文所得出的结论,提供了相应的政策建议,并说明了本研究的局限性和研究展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 There is no doubt that industrialization development is of great importance to national macroeconomic growth.Industry wage adjustment,industrial labor mobility and industrial upgrading should be the due meaning of industrialization and modernization.Industrial upgrading is not only affected by industrial wag gap,but also directly related to industrial labor mobility.In order to achieve coordinated development of wage level,employment structure and industry structure,it is necessary to confirm the effect mechanism and the relationship of the industrial wage gap,labor mobility and industrial upgrading.It is the very point of this paper.This paper first reviews the related research progress both at home and abroad,and organizes the influence mechanisms of the industrial wage gap,labor mobility and industrial upgrading,and expounds the present situation and existing problems of the three.Then,based on 31 provincial panel data from 2004 to 2015,the relationship of the three is empirically analyzed by establishing three benchmark models and three extended models about dynamic panel data.And the models are carried out by using the system GMM estimation.Finally,the robustness and the heterogeneity of the three benchmark models are tested by another sample data from 2008 to 2015.The research result shows as follows:(1)The optimization of industrial structure,the rationalization of industrial structure and the efficiency of industrial value chain have obvious sustainable during the process of industrial upgrading.(2)Industry wage gap in urban units has a negative effect on the optimization of industrial structure and the efficiency of industrial value chain,and the influence on industrial structure optimization is significant.However,there is a significant positive effect on the rationalization of industrial structure.(3)The labor mobility among three industries has inconstant effects on the three aspects of industrial upgrading.The labor mobility in primary industry has positive effects on industrial structure optimization and the efficiency of industrial value chain,and the influence on the latter is significant,but there is a significant negative effect on industrial structure rationalization;The labor mobility in secondary industry has positive effects on industrial structure optimization and rationalization,and the influence on the latter is significant,but there is asignificant negative impact on the efficiency of industrial value chain.The tertiary industry labor mobility has negative influence on all three aspects of industrial upgrading,and only the impact on the efficiency of industrial value chain is significant.(4)From the perspective of regional macro-economic situation,the economic growth of the current period and one-year lag period will not promote industrial upgrading necessarily.In fact,there are adverse effects of the two period on industrial upgrading;The proportion of total investment fixed assets has no significant impact on industrial upgrading;The regional administrative monopoly has positive influence on industrial structure optimization,but it is not significant,however,there are significant negative impacts on the rationalization of industrial structure and the efficiency of industrial value chain;Urbanization has a significant negative impact on the industrial structure optimization,while the rationalization of industrial structure and the efficiency of industrial value chain are positively affected,but only the rationalization of industrial structure is significant;Rural-urban living standard gap has a negative impact on industrial structure optimization and industrial structure rationalization,and the impact on industrial structure rationalization is significant,but there is not significant positive effect on the efficiency of industrial value chain;Employed persons’ average schooling years have negative effect on industrial structure optimization and rationalization,while there are significant positive effects on the efficiency of industrial value chain.(5)In terms of government behaviors,the macro-tax burden level of local governments has no significant impact on all three aspects of industrial upgrading;The proportion of expenditure for education of general public budget expenditure by region has a significant positive effect on the rationalization of industrial structure,while the proportion of expenditure for science and technology of general public budget expenditure by region has a significant negative impact on the rationalization of industrial structure.(6)The interaction effects of industrial wage gap in urban units and labor mobility in the primary industry and the tertiary industry have significant positive influences on industrial structure optimization.(7)The industrial wage gap in urban units and in urban private units are of heterogeneity,and the impacts on industrial upgrading is not consistent.According to the conclusions obtained,this paper provides corresponding policysuggestions.In the end,the limitations and research prospects of this study are illustrated.更多还原