【作者】 李游；

【导师】 黄文英；

【作者基本信息】 江西师范大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 现代竞技体育已步入高速发展时代,竞技水平随着科技发展进入新高度,比赛竞争程度愈演愈烈,皮划艇国际大赛中,心理因素已是影响运动员是否能正常发挥或超常发挥的重要因素。心理因素在现今时代的体育比赛中日益重要,已有多项体育运动将心理训练设为常规训练,说明了心理训练的重要性。本课题研究对象为江西省11名男子皮划艇运动员,研究问卷采用16PF、EPQ、POMS,多问卷全面测试运动员人格与情绪指标特征。实验部分通过两个月的心理仪器干预提高运动员的心理能力,心理仪器有生理相干与自主平衡系统等,结合目标设置、放松、表象等训练方法进行科学系统心理技能训练。结果表明:(1)采用EPQ测试结果显示,江西省男子皮划艇运动员与常模人群对比内外向性(E量表)中存在显著性差异(P<0.05);而掩饰性(L量表)与常模人群对比存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。(2)采用16PF测试结果显示,江西省优秀男子皮划艇运动员与常模人群相比A乐群性、F兴奋性、Q2独立性,存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。(3)采用POMS量表测试结果显示,江西省男子皮划艇运动员的紧张情绪维度前后比较存在显著差异性(P<0.05),疲劳情绪维度与慌乱情绪维度前后比较存在非常显著差异(P<0.01)。(4)通过SPCS系统的菩提树训练环节测试结果的前测与后测比较,得出后测时间平均数明显比前测时间平均数用时更短,不存在显著性差异。(5)心理干预后成绩比心理干预前成绩有提高,200m单人艇项目提高1.861秒,1000m单人艇项目提高1.456秒,200m双人艇项目提高1.163秒,1000m双人艇项目提高5.805秒,1000m四人艇项目提高6.128秒。研究结论:(1)对11名皮艇运动员人格特征的分析表明皮艇运动员具有热情外向,活跃兴奋,为人亲和,易依赖,主动关心他人等特质。(2)对11名皮艇运动员赛前心境变化分析表明皮艇运动员具备优秀运动员潜质,精力旺盛,高自尊感情绪,经过心理训练后紧张与慌乱情绪维度得分明显降低,说明运动员情绪调控能力增强。(3)采用生理相干与自主平衡系统对运动员进行放松训练,明显提高了自主平衡调节能力,促进运动员提升竞技水平,缓解赛前紧张压力,调解不良情绪。(4)皮艇运动员经过心理干预后运动成绩明显有提高,但成绩提高的原因是多方面形成的,心理干预起着一定的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of the Modern competitive sports,the competitive level with the development of science and technology into a new height,the athletic competition has becoming more and more drastic.Psychological factor is also an important factor that affects whether the athlete can play well or not in the international competition.Psychological factors in today’s era of sports competition is becoming more and more important,has a number of sports psychological training is set to regular training,illustrates the importance of psychological training.This topic research object for the 11 man kayak athletes in Jiangxi province,research adopts16 PF and EPQ questionnaire,POMS,more comprehensive testing athletes of personality and emotion questionnaire.After two months of the experimental section psychological instrument intervention to improve the athletes’ psychological ability,psychological instrument with biofeedback instrument,physiological coherent and autonomic balance system,combined with goal setting,relax,representation for scientific training methods,such as psychological skill training system.Research Results:(1)The result of EPQ test indicates that the man kayak athletes in Jiangxi compared with norm groups inside and outside to sexual scale(E)there are significant differences(P<0.05);And hide scale(L)compared with norm groups is very significant difference(P< 0.01).(2)The result of 16 PF test show that there is a significant difference between the outstanding man kayak athletes in Jiangxi province and the norm groups in A gregariousness,F excitability,Q2 independence(P< 0.01).(3)The results of POMS scale test showed that the man kayak athletes in Jiangxi province has a significant difference between pretest and post-test in nervous mood(P<0.05),fatigue mood and panic mood(P<0.01).(4)By comparison the testing time of the pretest and the post-test in banyan training session of the SPCS system,the result showed that there is no significant difference between them.(5)The following data showed that the score before mental intervention was an improvement as compared to the score before mental intervention.200 m single kayak project(+1.861s);1000m single kayak project(+1.456s);200m double kayakproject(+1.163s);1000m double kayak project(+5.805s).Research Conclusions:(1)The analysis of personality characteristics of 11 kayak athletes showed that kayak athletes possess the characteristics of enthusiasm outgoing,active,emotional stability,affinity,take the initiative to care for others,etc.(2)The analysis of the emotion change before the game of the 11 kayak athletes showed that the kayak athletes have good potential athletes,energetic,high self-esteem,tension.after training,the score of nervousness and panic is obviously lower.This proves that,the ability of adjusting emotion of the kayak athletes has increased.(3)Adoption of the SPCS system to relaxation training,the kayak athletes’ ability of self-balancing has increased significantly.It will help the kayak athletes improve the kayak athletes’ competitiveness level and regulate negative emotions.(4)The sports results of the kayakers has been improved remarkably after mental intervention.But the reasons for improvement are manifold.更多还原