【作者】 李玲；

【导师】 张桂文；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 劳动经济学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 改革开放后,随着经济社会的快速发展,越来越多的农村剩余劳动力进入城市打工,农民工进入城市后极大带动了经济的发展,同时为城镇居民的生活带来了很大便利。但是,现阶段我国庞大的农民工群体在城市生活中并没有享受到公平的待遇,而且自身的价值观、生活方式和综合素质都有待提升和改善,因此农民工只实现了职业和地域转移的半市民化。农民工自身物质资源和社会资源不足,特别是人力资本投资更显不足。因此,提升农民工的人力资本投资,对促进市民化和推进新型城镇化发展具有重要意义。本文通过理论分析和经验实证研究了人力资本投资对农民工市民化的影响。首先,系统梳理了农民工市民化相关的国内外研究文献,为接下来的研究打下坚实的理论基础;其次,论证了人力资本投资对农民工市民化的作用机理。农民工增加人力资本投资能够提升其市民化的能力,进而促进农民工市民化的进程。一是提高农民工的职业转换能力,农民工增加人力资本投资够提高其识别和理解有效就业信息的能力,而且也会增加其就业信息筛选的能力,从而使其能够在庞杂的信息中搜寻到有用信息并作出理智就业决策。二是提高农民工的薪酬收入,人力资本投资增加能够提高农民工的就业决策和岗位筛选能力,从而找到更适合自己且薪酬更高的职位,同时还能提高其劳动生产率为企业带来更多利润,进而形成薪酬良性增长。三是提高农民工的职场竞争力,一般人力资本越稀缺、存量越大,其在劳动市场上的不可替代性就越强,其进入劳动力市场的竞争力也就越强。四是提高农民工融入城市社会的能力,人力资本投资多、综合素质高的农民工其社会网络拓展能力强,从而能够积累更多的社会资源,在生活方式、心理层面以及价值观念等方面就更容易融入城市社会,而且其维权意识和能力也会更强。人力资本的正外部性决定了,人力资本投资增加还会带来相应的社会收益。农民工作为劳动力,他不仅会为自己创造收入,而且企业的利润和政府的财政收入追根溯源也来自劳动者的劳动,所以加大人力资本投资在增加农民工自身收入的同时还会增加企业、政府的收入,从而提高了企业和政府负担市民化公共成本的能力。所以进行人力资本投资既有利于推进市民化进程,又有利于社会的公平;再次,通过分析统计局颁布的相关数据对农民工市民化和人力资本投资的现状进行了分析,并构建了农民工市民化综合测度指标体系,该指标体系直观地展现了农民工市民化进程。经研究发现我国农民工市民化程度低且进程缓慢,随着政府不断改进户籍、土地等制度限制,农民工自身的素质逐渐成为限制市民化的主要障碍。目前农民工的人力资本投资状况并不理想,人力资本存量低、增量也不多,所以极大限制了农民工市民化的发展;然后,本文运用计量经济学方法,理论分析的结论进行实证检验,其结果是农民工的平均受教育年限、技能培训占比和医疗卫生支出占比均对农民工市民化有显著的正向影响,实证检验进一步验证了人力资本投资确实对农民工市民化具有促进作用。但是,目前我国农民工的人力资本投资还存在很多问题和不足:一是由于二元劳动力市场的存在使得农民工只能实现非正规就业,而且还面临着同工不同酬、晋升机会少等不公平的待遇,使得农民工进行人力资本投资的收益率低;二是农民工收入水平低、生存压力大从而投资能力不足;三是由于农民工的离职率高、流动性大企业对其进行人力资本投资的回报率低,所以企业不愿增加对农民工的人力资本投资;四是政府对农民工的人力资本投资不足且管理不到位。政府对农民工的人力资本投资不足无法满足农民工群体的人力资本投资需求,且政府管控不到位无法达到理想的投资效果。同时教育培训体系不完善、无法满足实际就业需求;最后,在上述研究的基础上,本文从提高农民工的人力资本投资收益率和农民工的人力资本投资能力,增加企业对农民工的人力资本投资,以及增加政府对农民工人力资本投资的资金支持和服务管理等方面提出了相应对策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 After the reform and opening up,with the rapid economic and social development,more and more rural surplus laborers have entered the cities to work.After migrant workers enter the city,they have greatly promoted economic development and brought great convenience to the life of urban residents.However,at the present stage,China’s huge group of migrant workers did not enjoy fair treatment in urban life,and their own values,lifestyle,and overall quality have yet to be improved and improved.Therefore,migrant workers only achieved half of their occupational and geographical transfers.Urbanization.Migrant workers’ own material resources and social resources are insufficient,and investment in human capital is particularly insufficient.Therefore,it is of great significance to increase the investment in human capital of migrant workers in order to promote urbanization and promote the development of new urbanization.This paper studies the impact of human capital investment on the migrant workers’ citizenship through theoretical analysis and empirical analysis.First of all,systematically combing the domestic and foreign research literature related to the peasant workers’ citizenship,and laying a solid theoretical foundation for the next study;Second,it demonstrates the mechanism of human capital investment in the peasant workers’ citizenship.Increasing the investment of human capital by migrant workers can enhance their ability to become urbanized and further promote the process of citizenization of migrant workers.First,improve the ability of migrant workers to change jobs.Increasing the investment of human capital for migrant workers can increase their ability to identify and understand effective employment information,and it will also increase their ability to screen for employment information,so that they can find useful information in complex information and make sensible employment decisions;Improving the income of migrant workers.Increased investment in human capital can improve migrant workers’ employment decision-making and job screening capabilities,so as to find jobs that are more suitable for themselves and have higher salaries,and at the same time increase their labor productivity,bring more profits to enterprises,and thus form a healthy salary increase;Third,improve the competitiveness of migrant workers in the workplace.The more scarce the general human capital and the greater the stock,thestronger its irreplaceability in the labor market,and the stronger its competitiveness in entering the labor market.Fourth,it will increase the ability of migrant workers to integrate into urban society.The migrant workers with many human capital investments and high overall quality have strong social network development capabilities,so that they can accumulate more social resources and become more easily integrated into the urban society in terms of lifestyle,psychological level,and values,etc.,and their awareness of rights protection The ability will be stronger.The positive externality of human capital determines that increasing human capital investment will also bring corresponding social benefits.The peasants work as a labor force.He will not only create income for himself,but also the profits of the company and the government’s fiscal revenue will be traced back to the labor of the laborers.Therefore,increasing the investment in human capital will increase the peasant worker’s own income and increase the company’s income.The revenue of the government has increased the ability of companies and governments to afford the public cost of citizenship.Therefore,human capital investment is not only conducive to promoting the process of citizenization,but also conducive to social fairness.Third,through analysis of relevant data issued by the Bureau of Statistics,it analyzes the current situation of migrant workers’ citizenship and human capital investment,and builds migrant workers.The comprehensive measure index system of citizenship,this indicator system intuitively demonstrates the process of urbanization of migrant workers.The study found that the degree of urbanization of migrant workers in our country is low and the process is slow.As the government continues to improve the system of household registration,land and other restrictions,the quality of migrant workers has gradually become a major obstacle to the restriction of urbanization.At present,the human capital investment of migrant workers is not ideal,and the stock of human capital is low and the increment is not much,which greatly limits the development of urbanization of peasant workers;then,this paper uses the methods of econometrics and theoretical analysis As a result of the test,the average number of years of education for migrant workers,the proportion of skills training and the share of medical and health expenditure all have a significant positive effect on the migrant workers’ citizenship,and empirical tests further verify that human capital investment does indeed make urbanization of migrant workers a reality.Has a promoting effect.However,at present,there are still many problems and deficiencies in the human capital investment of migrant workers in China.First,due to the existence of dual labor market,peasant workers can only achieve informal employment,but they also face different pay for equal work and less promotion opportunities.The fair treatment makes the return rate of human capital investment for migrant workers low;second,the low level of peasant workers’ income,the pressure for survival is large and the investment capacity is insufficient;Third,due to the high turnover rate of migrant workers and the mobility of large companies to human The rate of return on capital investment is low,so companies are reluctant to increase human capital investment in migrant workers.Fourth,the government’s investment in human capital of migrant workers is insufficient and management is not in place.The government’s lack of investment in human capital for migrant workers cannot meet the needs of the migrant workers’ human capital investment.Inadequate government control can not achieve the desired investment results.At the same time,the education and training system is not perfect and can not meet the actual employment demand;finally,based on the above research,this paper increases the human capital investment return of migrant workers and the human capital investment ability of migrant workers,and increases the human capital of migrant workers.Investment,as well as increasing government funding support and service management for peasant workers’ capital investment,put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.更多还原