【作者】 杜鹃；

【导师】 徐玉梅； 张志民；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 法律硕士（法学）（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 2013年,我国为适应全球经济发展区域化形势,立足我国历史文化背景与经济基础提出“一带一路”倡议,积极推动国家全方位的开放进程,与沿线各国主动开展多元化友好合作。党的十九大报告也将推进“一带一路”建设写入《中国共产党章程》,并在报告中指出今后将积极促进“一带一路”国际合作,推动人类社会共同发展进步,从而打造人类命运共同体。由此,我国对于区域贸易发展的重视可见一斑。同时,国际多式联运凭借其整合高效性,在贸易繁荣发展的今天,亦得到货运双方亲睐。然而,现阶段我国与“一带一路”沿线国家国际多式联运却依靠相互分割的单式运输国际公约和纷繁的各国国内立法混合而成的庞大网状法律框架进行调整。同时,庞大的法律框架辐射的各项法律其规定所采用的多式联运经营人责任认定形式、责任基础、责任限额都没有达成统一,另外,随着时代更迭,之前生效的法律法规在平衡货运双方利益方面,也显示其瑕疵,种种问题,造成现实国际多式联运赔偿责任问题解决时间的耗费和新纠纷的萌生。“一带一路”沿线国家订立的国际多式联运合同发生纠纷时,应该选用何种法律规则确定经营人赔偿责任?确定经营人责任时,又该如何应对庞大的国际多式联运网状法律框架各节点法规之间的冲突,以促进“一带一路”沿线各国国际多式联运普及,实现贸易繁荣?这些问题是当前研究“一带一路”倡议的法学界所面临的桎梏。综上,本研究运用利益平衡理论和区域经济一体化理论,通过对现阶段“一带一路”倡议下我国与沿线国家调整国际多式联运的各国国内立法及其经营人责任形式、责任基础、责任限额规定的归类分析,结合实践案例中问题的探讨,归纳得出目前“一带一路”我国与沿线国家国际多式联运经营人责任认定存在立法框架庞杂、认定形式存在盲区、认定基础各异、认定限额割裂问题。同时,通过对国际层面关于国际多式联运统一立法成果的比较分析,探讨最小网状责任形式的设定、完全过错责任制基础上货运双方举证的细化以及对传统海运责任限额的提升在平衡货运双方利益做出的贡献,这些规定良好协调了国际多式联运立法框架,进一步提高纠纷解决司法效率,有利于促进国际多式联运的蓬勃发展,作为国际多式联运新成果,现如今不断有国家加入《鹿特丹规则》,并且国际社会反响度良好,为了“一带一路”不断推进,区域贸易的繁荣发展,作为主导国的我国应主动推进《鹿特丹规则》生效,同时,我国与沿线国家应当借鉴规则精华之处,确立适合现阶段环节众多的“一带一路”区域贸易间国际多式联运经营人责任认定规则。更多还原

【Abstract】 In 2013,in order to adapt to the regionalization of global economic development,China proposed the "Belt and Road" initiative based on China’s historical and cultural background and economic foundation,actively promoting the all-directional opening up process of the country,and taking the initiative to carry out diversified and friendly cooperation with countries along the route.The 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)report also includes the promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative in the Constitution of the Communist Party of China,and states that in the future it will actively promote international cooperation in the Belt and Road Initiative,promote the common development and progress of human society and thus build a community of shared future for mankind.Therefore,China’s attention to regional trade development can be seen.At the same time,international multimodal transport with its integration efficiency,in the current boom and development of trade,also get the favor of both freight.At present,however,international multimodal transport is regulated by a vast network of legal frameworks that combines international conventions on single forms of transport with numerous domestic legislation.At present,however,international multimodal transport is governed by a vast network of international conventions on single forms of transport and numerous national legislations,which combine them,and the lack of uniformity between the international conventions and domestic legislations in terms of the form,basis and limits of liability of multimodal transport operators,as well as the diversity of conventions to which countries along the Belt and Road are parties,and the shortcomings of the laws and regulations in force before the era in terms of balancing the interests of freight,The time spent in solving the liability problem of international multimodal transport and the emergence of new disputes are caused.What legal rules should be used to determine the liability of operators in the event of disputes over international multimodal transport contracts concluded by countries along the Belt and Road? In determining the responsibilities of the operator,how should the conflicts between the nodal regulations of the vast international network of legal frameworks for multimodal transport be addressed in order to promote the universalization of international multimodal transport in countries along the Belt and Road and achieve a prosperous trade? These problems are the fetters faced by the legal circle which studies the initiative of the Belt and Road.In conclusion,this study uses the theory of balance of interests and the theory of regional economic integration to discuss the problems in the practical cases through the domestic legislation of the countries of the Belt and Road and the countries along the route to adjust international multimodal transport,as well as the classification and analysis of the forms of the responsibilities of the operators,the basis of the responsibilities and the limitation provisions.It is concluded that at present,the responsibility of the international multimodal transport operator between China and the countries along the Belt and Road is divided into two parts: the legislative framework,the blind zone,the different basis and the limitation.At the same time,a comparative analysis of the results of the international uniform legislation on international multimodal transport shows that,The establishment of the minimum network liability form of the Rotterdam Rules,the refinement of the burden of proof on both parties on the basis of full fault liability,and the increase of the traditional maritime liability limits have contributed to balancing the interests of both parties in freight transport.The legislative framework for international multimodal transport has been well coordinated,further improving the judicial efficiency of dispute resolution and facilitating the development of international multimodal transport.As a new achievement of international multimodal transport,countries have joined the rules and the international community has had a good response.In order to promote the Belt and Road and promote the prosperity of regional trade,China,as the leading country,should take the initiative to promote the entry into force of the Rotterdam Rules.更多还原