【作者】 李丽；

【导师】 舒开智； 卢杏元；

【作者基本信息】 黄冈师范学院 ， 教育硕士（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 “儿童视角”原本是文学创作领域的一个概念,因此,“儿童视角”可以作为一种叙事策略,一种独特的话语表述方式。但在后来的演变中,儿童视角被借用于不同的领域。在本篇论文中,笔者主要是从教育研究领域中的“儿童视角”出发来界定其涵义,根据教育学、心理学中的观点,探讨教材的编写应尊重儿童的身心发展规律,让儿童真正成为课堂的主体,教育应该让儿童有发言权并给儿童自由表达的机会。在部编本教材出版之前,关于小学语文教科书,社会公众的舆论之声不绝于耳,教科书被指缺少“儿童视角”,语文课堂被指缺失学生主体性。针对这些舆论,部编本教材在很大程度上纠正了以往教材中的弊病。本文基于儿童视角,着重探讨部编本低学段教材在儿童视角上的体现,笔者通过对新教材的实际考察分析,发现了部编教材的编写理念体现了儿童视角;通过数据研究和统计,获得教材中儿童视角的数据依据;通过与之前的人教版教材做对比,进一步证实部编本教材在儿童视角上更具合理性;最后通过调查问卷的方法收集到了已经在使用这部教材的老师们的看法,并提出自己对部编本低学段教材的一些教学建议。在绪论部分,本文介绍了本篇论文的研究意义、研究思路和研究方法,并对儿童视角进行了解释和界定。第二部分从心理学和教育学的理论角度分析了儿童视角对教育的重要性。第三部分通过查阅部编本语文教材的编写理念,基于人教版教材、教学现状,论述了部编教材的编写理念是从儿童视角出发的观点。第四部分通过数据分析得出部编本语文低学段教材,在编排上遵循了儿童身心发展规律,符合儿童视角。最后,笔者针对新编语文低学段教材的特色,基于从儿童视角出发的观点,提出一系列具体的教学策略,策略共分为三个部分:(一)识字写字教学策略;(二)拼音教学策略;(三)阅读教学策略。从儿童视角来分析部编本教材是本文的创新点所在,基于儿童视角的教材编排和教学策略研究对教育的意义非常重要,希望本文的研究能给部编本语文低学段教学带来一些思考和借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 The "Children’s Perspective" was originally a concept in the field of literary creation.It refers to the writing technique that author tells the story of the novel from children’s perspective.The presentation of the story has the distinct characteristics of children’s thinking characteristics.Therefore,the perspective of children is a narrative strategy and a unique form of expression.However,in this dissertation,the author mainly defines the meaning of the “children’s perspective” in education research.According to the perspectives of pedagogy and psychology,it is discussed that the compilation of teaching materials should follow the rules of children’s physical and mental development and realize the children-orientation in the class.In addition,children should be given the discourse right to the education and the opportunity to express their idea freely.Listen to children’s voices and enable them have their own unique feelings about the text in learning Chinese.Before the publication of the textbooks compiled by the Ministry of Education,the controversy over textbooks for elementary schools in China has not stopped.Textbooks have been accused of lacking a “children’s perspective.” Chinese class has been accused of ignoring the students’ subjectivity.Responding to these public voices,textbooks of the education department have been in a large extent revised and overcome the previous shortcomings.From the perspective of children,this dissertation mainly probes into how the new textbooks in junior grades reflect in children’s perspectives.Through the actual investigation and analysis of the new textbooks,it is found that the textbooks of education department version are compiled based on the perspectives of children;through analysis,the data confirming to the perspective of children have been collected;through comparison with textbooks of the People’s Education Press,it is further confirmed that the compiling of textbooks of the Ministry of Education version is more reasonable and scientific from the perspective of children;finally,through the questionnaires,the author has collected the suggestions and ideas to new textbooks from the teachers who have already been using the textbook,and puts forward her own teaching suggestions for the new textbooks of the junior grades in primary school.In the introduction,this author introduces the research significance,research ideas and adopted methods,and explains and defines the “perspective of children”.The second section analyzes the importance of children’s perspective in education from the perspective of psychology and pedagogy.In the third section,based on the textbooks of the People’s Education Press version and the current teaching conditions,the author stats that the compiling concept of new textbooks is based on the children’s perspective.In the fourth part,it is concluded that,in terms of compiling,the Chinese textbooks compiled by Ministry of Education in junior grades follow the rules of children’s mental and physical development through data analysis,which is in line with the perspective of children.In the end,the author proposes a series of concrete teaching strategies based on the perspective of children with regarding to the characteristics of the junior-grade Chinese textbooks.The strategies are divided into four parts:(a)strategies in literacy and writing instruction;(b)strategies in Chinese phonetics instruction;(c)strategies in reading instruction;and(d)strategies in ancient poetry instruction.Analyzing textbooks compiled by the Ministry of Education from the perspective of children is the innovation point of this essay.The study on the layout of teaching materials and the teaching strategies from the perspective of children is very important to the education of children.The study is expected to bring some and reference to the junior-grade Chinese teaching in primary school.更多还原