【作者】 周海萍；

【导师】 彭兰玉；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 汉语国际教育， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 语义相近的词是二语学习者在学习中经常碰到的具有难度的内容。本文主要分析“大概”和“差不多”这一组词,找出它们异同点以及偏误原因。本文总结了现有的相关成果,从词性、语义特征、句法特征、语用特征这几个方面对“大概”“差不多”进行了更为具体的分析。本文的主要内容如下:在词性方面,“大概”是一个具有多种词性的词,它可以作副词、形容词以及名词。通常作为副词的使用频率相对来说高一些。“差不多”也不是一个单一词性的词,它既可以作副词,也可以作形容词,但它不具有名词词性。语义方面,在各种词典对大概、差不多的语义解释的基础上,对这两个词的语义特征进行比较。语义相同之处:“大概”“差不多”都可表示对数量的一种主观估计。语义不同之处:“大概”可以表示对情况的推测,可能。也可以表示大致的内容。“差不多”则可以表示程度的接近,几乎。“大概”一词的发展由表示对事物概况的描述转变为对事件的预测,“大概”的语义逐渐抽象和泛化,其语义特征由[+总括性]变为[+揣测性]。“差不多”所表示的语义没有明显的主观性,说话人根据实际情况做出的判断。“差不多”具有[+客观性][+程度性][+肯定性]。“大概”“差不多”都可以表示判断和估计,表示说话人确信其推测是极有可能发生的事。但是“大概”猜测和估计时主观性比较高,而“差不多”则具有明显的客观性成分,主观性比较弱。句法和语用方面,“大概”“差不多”在句法上相似之处在于都可以后面跟动词搭配,表示对某种情况的推测和估计。在和否定词搭配上,二者有一定的区别。“大概”和否定词连用表示说话人对不会出现的情况的估计。“差不多”和否定词连用表示几乎。“大概”作副词时可以修饰数量词和一般性的动词词组。“差不多”作副词时可以修饰数量词,可以修饰全称量化词,可以修饰一般性的动词词组,还可以修饰形容词。“大概”“差不多”都不能用于选择疑问句和是非疑问句,可以用于揣度疑问句。“差不多”更适用于比较随意比较生活化的口语语体中。通过分析偏误,总结了偏误原因。学习者对二者的语义把握不清,句法位置也不够明确而产生偏误。同时由于教材以及目的语负迁移等原因,产生偏误。文章最后给出了一个具体可行的教学设计详案,为教师今后在这一方面的教学提供了借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Words with similar semantic meaning are frequently encountered by the second language learners in learning.This article mainly analyzes the words "Dagai" and"Chabuduo" and finds out their similarities and differences as well as the errors in causes.This article summarizes the existing related results,from the aspect of part of speech,semantic features,syntactic features,pragmatic features to these two words a more specific analysis.The main content of this article is as follows:In terms of part of speech,"Dagai " is a word with a variety of parts of speech.It can be used as an adverb,an adjective,and a noun.The frequency of use as an adverb is usually relatively high."Chabuduo" is not a unitary word.It can be used as an adverb or an adjective,but it does not be a noun.In terms of semantics,the semantic features of these two words are compared on the basis of a variety of dictionaries’ general and approximate semantic interpretations.Semantic similarities:"Dagai" or "Chabuduo" can represent a subjective estimate of quantity.Differences in semantics:"Dagai" can mean speculation about the situation.It can also indicate approximate content."Chabuduo" can indicate the degree of closeness,almost.The development of the word "Dagai" was transformed from the description of the description of things to the prediction of events.The semantics of"Dagai" were gradually abstracted and generalized,and its semantic features changed from[+total]to[+guestiable].The semantics expressed by "Chabuduo" have no obvious subjectivity,and the speaker makes judgments according to the actual situation."nearly" has[+objectivity][+ degree][+ affirmativeness].They can mean judgments and estimates,indicating that the speaker is convinced that his presumption is very likely to happen.However,"Dagain guessing and estimating are subjective,and "Chabuduo" has obvious objectivity and subjectivity is weak.Syntactically and pragmatically,These two words are syntactically similar in that they can all be followed by verbs to express speculation and estimation of a certain situation.There is a certain difference between the two and the negative words.The word "Dagai " is used in conjunction with a negative word to indicate the speaker’s estimate of what will not happen."Chabuduo" is used in conjunction with negative words to indicate almost.When "Dagai" is used as an adverb,quantifiers and general verb phrases can be modified.When "Chabuduo" is used as an adverb,quantifiers can be modified,quantified words can be modified,general verb phrases can be modified,and adjectives can also be modified.They can’t be used to select questions and non-interrogative sentences.It can be used for questioning sentences."Chabuduo" is more suitable for comparisons of everyday spoken language styles.By analyzing the errors,the causes of errors were summarized.The learners’understanding of the semantics of the two is unclear,and the syntactic position is not clear enough and leads to errors.At the same time,due to the negative transfer of textbooks and target language,etc.,there are errors.At the end of the article,a detailed practical teaching design case is provided,which provides a reference for teachers in teaching in this area in the future.更多还原